There has been interest in generalizing models of gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking. As shown by Meade, Seiberg, and Shih (MSS), the soft masses of general gauge mediation can be expressed in terms of the current two-point functions of the susy-breaking sector. We here give a simple extension of their result which provides, for general gauge mediation, the full effective potential for squark pseudo-D-flat directions. The effective potential reduces to the sfermion soft masses near the origin, and the full potential, away from the origin, can be useful for cosmological applications. We also generalize the soft masses and effective potential to allow for general gauge mediation by Higgsed gauge groups. Finally, we discuss general gauge mediation in the limit of small F-terms, and how the results of MSS connect with the analytic continuation in superspace results, based on a spurion analysis.
We comment on a statement made in arXiv:1107.0403, which implies that the model of gravitino dark matter from Q-ball decay we presented in arXiv:1101.5328 is generally ruled out by the effect of NLSP decay on BBN. We explain why this statement is incorrect.
I argue that ArXiv:1307.3251 is based on a misunderstanding of the role of Weyl transformations in local off-shell supersymmetry and what constitutes a true symmetry of the theory.
I explore the phenomenology, constraints and tuning for several weakly coupled implementations of multi-parameter gauge mediation and compare to minimal gauge mediation. The low energy spectra are distinct from that of minimal gauge mediation, a wide range of NLSPs is found and spectra are significantly compressed thus tunings may be generically reduced to a part in 10 to a part in 20.
We study a subspace of General Gauge Mediation (GGM) models which generalize models of gauge mediation. We find superpartner spectra that are markedly different from those of typical gauge and gaugino mediation scenarios. While typical gauge mediation predictions of either a neutralino or stau next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP) are easily reproducible with the GGM parameters, chargino and sneutrino NLSPs are generic for many reasonable choices of GGM parameters.
I propose implementing General Gauge Mediation using the class of $SU(N) \times U(1)$ SUSY breaking models. As an existence proof, I have utilized the 4-1 model in building multi-parameter gauge mediation. These hidden sectors are relatively easy to use and avoid several model building pitfalls such as runaway directions. In addition models require no special tuning and may produce as many parameters as general gauge mediation allows.
We study an extension of the standard anomaly/gauge mediation scenario where the messenger fields have direct interactions with an extra gauge singlet. This realizes a phenomenologically viable NMSSM-like scenario free of the mu-b_mu problem. Current cosmological constraints imply a small size for the anomaly-mediation contributions, unless some source of R-parity violation is permitted. In the latter case the allowed regions in the parameter space can be substantially larger than in the corresponding gauge-mediation scenario.
In recent works, we have proposed a possible dark matter in composite messenger gauge mediation models. In this paper, we discuss the details of a composite messenger model taking a possible supersymmetry breaking scenario and show that the correct dark matter abundance and a successful gauge mediation can be realized.
We propose a small extenion of the minimal gauge mediation through the combination of extended gauge mediation and conformal sequestering. We show that the focus point supersymmetry can be realized naturally, and the fine-tuning is signifcantly reduced compared to the minimal gauge mediation and extended gauge mediation without focus point. The Higgs boson mass is around 125 GeV, the gauginos remain light, and the gluino is likely to be detected at the next run of the LHC. However, the multi-TeV squarks is out of the reach of the LHC. The numerical calculation for finetuning shows that this mo…
We embed the Next-to Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model into gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking and study the phenomenology of scenarios where the gauge-mediation contributions to soft parameters are deflected by superpotential interactions of the gauge singlet with the messenger fields and the Higgs doublets. This kind of models provide a satisfactory solution to the mu-b_mu problem of gauge mediation, compatible with the adequate pattern of electroweak symmetry breaking and a realistic spectrum with supersymmetric partners at the TeV scale without requiring a significant fine tunin…
We study anomaly mediation models with gauge mediation effects from messengers which have a general renormalizable mass matrix with a supersymmetry-breaking spurion. Our models lead to a rich structure of supersymmetry breaking terms in the visible sector. We derive sum rules among the soft scalar masses for each generation. Our sum rules for the first and second generations are the same as those in general gauge mediation, but the sum rule for the third generation is different because of the top Yukawa coupling. We find the parameter space where the tachyonic slepton problem is solved. We als…
A model of gauge mediation with the gravitino mass of order 1eV is considered to motivate 100TeV colliders. Massive mediators with standard-model and supersymmetry-breaking gauge quantum numbers let low-scale dynamics induce sizable soft masses of the standard-model superpartners. We circumvent potential phenomenological difficulties that such low-scale models tend to cause.
In this paper we consider U(1)-gauged Polony'i model with two spurions coupled to a twisted closed string modulus. This offers a consistent setup for metastable SUSY breakdown which allows for moduli stabilization and naturally leads to gauge or hybrid gauge/gravitational mediation mechanism. Due to the presence of the second spurion one can arrange for a solution of the μand B_μproblems in a version of modified Giudice-Masiero mechanism, which works both in the limit of pure gauge mediation and in the mixed regime of hybrid mediation.
Gauge mediation model with vectorlike matters (V-GMSB) is one of the few viable SUSY models that explains the 126 GeV Higgs boson mass and the muon anomalous magnetic moment simultaneously. We explore exclusion bounds on V-GMSB model from latest LHC SUSY searches.
We construct a four dimensional realization of a higher dimensional model, Yukawa deflected gauge mediation, in which supersymmetry breaking is communicated to the visible sector through both gauge and Yukawa interactions. The reduction to four dimensions is achieved by `deconstructing' or `latticizing' the extra dimension. Three sites (gauge groups) are sufficient to reproduce the spectrum of the higher dimensional model. The characteristic features of Yukawa deflected gauge mediation, in particular, alignment of squarks and quarks, and a natural solution to the mu problem, carry over to the …
Strongly interacting gauge mediation (SIGM) of supersymmetry breaking is very attractive, since it naturally predicts a light gravitino of mass $\lsim{\cal O}(10)$ eV, which causes no cosmological problem. We discuss various signatures of the SIGM in the early stage (a low integrated luminosity period) of the LHC experiments. We show, in particular, a possible way to discriminate it from the conventional gauge mediation by counting the number of high $P_{\rm T}$ leptons.
We revisit N_f=N_c SQCD and its non-supersymmetric minima conjectured by Intriligator, Seiberg and Shih (ISS). We argue that the existence of such minima depends on the signs of three non-calculable parameters and that no evidence can be inferred by deforming the theory. We demonstrate this by studying a deformation of the theory which involves additional gauge singlets. In this case, the conjectured minimum is destabilized. We comment on the consequences of such singlets in models of direct mediation and in particular in the Pentagon model.
After briefly reviewing some arguments in favor of high scale and low scale supersymmetry breaking, I discuss a possible solution of the $μ$-problem of gauge mediated models.
Gauge mediation of supersymmetry breakdown has many attractive features and can be realized in phenomenologically interesting string-motivated models. We point out that in models with the Polonyi-like field stabilized at a low expectation value by quantum corrections, gravity seems to limit from above the admixture of gravity mediation to the dominant gauge mediation channel. However, we also point out that in a class of such models the low energy metastable supersymmetry breaking vaccum appears to be cosmologically disfavoured. These features should hold also in the case of typical stabilized…
We address the mu problem of gauge mediation by considering a singlet chiral superfield coupled to the Higgs and messenger fields. We compute the soft terms generated below the messenger scale and study the phenomenological consequences of the model. The experimental bound on the Higgs mass provides a severe constraint that identifies three special regions of parameters where the mass spectrum and the collider signatures can be distinct from ordinary gauge mediation.
Recent signs of a Standard Model-like Higgs at 125 GeV point towards large A-terms in the MSSM. This presents special challenges for gauge mediation, which by itself predicts vanishing A-terms at the messenger scale. In this paper, we review the general problems that arise when extending gauge mediation to achieve large A-terms, and the mechanisms that exist to overcome them. Using these mechanisms, we construct weakly-coupled models of low-scale gauge mediation with extended Higgs-messenger couplings that generate large A-terms at the messenger scale and viable mu/B_mu-terms. Our models are s…
We investigate O'Raifeartaigh-type models for F-term supersymmetry breaking in gauge mediation scenarios in the presence of gravity. It is pointed out that the vacuum structure of those models is such that in metastable vacua gravity mediation contribution to scalar masses is always suppressed to the level below 1 percent, almost sufficient for avoiding FCNC problem. Close to that limit, gravitino mass can be in the range 10-100 GeV, opening several interesting possibilities for gauge mediation models, including Giudice-Masiero mechanism for mu and Bmu generation. Gravity sector can include st…
We generalize the gauge sector of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking to allow for an arbitrary gauge group with an arbitrary supersymmetric Higgsing. The sparticle masses are computed to leading order in the gauge coupling. The generic effect on the MSSM spectrum from additional Higgsed gauge structure is to increase the sfermion masses relative to the gaugino masses.
We compare the collider phenomenology of mirage mediation and deflected mirage mediation, which are two recently proposed "mixed" supersymmetry breaking scenarios motivated from string compactifications. The scenarios differ in that deflected mirage mediation includes contributions from gauge mediation in addition to the contributions from gravity mediation and anomaly mediation also present in mirage mediation. The threshold effects from gauge mediation can drastically alter the low energy spectrum from that of pure mirage mediation models, resulting in some cases in a squeezed gaugino spectr…
In general, we can propose the hybrid supersymmetry breakings and hybrid mediations in the Supersymmetric Standard Models (SSMs). In this paper, we study the hybrid mediation for supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking. In particular, we study how to keep the good properties of gravity mediation, gauge mediation, and anomaly mediation, while solve their problems simultaneously. As an example, we consider the anomaly-gravity mediation, where all the supersymmetric particles (sparticles) obtain the SUSY breaking soft terms from the traditional gravity mediation while gauge mediation gives dominant contrib…
We study low-scale gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking models with a very light gravitino of mass $\mathcal{O}(1)$ eV. The cosmological upper bound on the gravitino mass and the collider constraints on the sparticle masses give a significant impact on such models. We apply the latest results of the LHC to these models and obtain the current constraints. We find that perturbatively calculable classes of low-scale gauge mediation models can be largely excluded.
We propose a natural solution to the mu problem in gauge mediation. It relies on the logarithmic dependence of the effective Kahler potential on the messenger threshold superfield X. Thus, mu and Bmu naturally arise at one and two loops, respectively. Moreover B has the same phase as the gaugino mass and the supersymmetric CP problem is solved as well.
We discuss the SM-like Higgs boson mass in the MSSM in an R-invariant direct gauge mediation model with the gravitino mass in the O(1) keV range. The gravitino dark matter scenario in this mass range is a good candidate for a slightly warm dark matter. We show that the Higgs boson mass around 125 GeV suggested by the ATLAS and CMS experiments can be easily achieved in the direct gauge mediation model with this gravitino mass range.
In a class of direct gauge mediation with a perturbatively stable SUSY breaking vacuum, gaugino masses vanish at the leading order of SUSY breaking F-term. We study the allowed parameter space of the gauge mediation models. By imposing a Tevatron bound on the lightest chargino mass m_{{\tilde χ}^\pm_1} > 270 GeV and a warm dark-matter mass bound on the light gravitino mass m_{3/2} < 16 eV, we find that almost all the parameter space is excluded. Near future experiments may completely exclude, or possibly discover, the scenario.
Recent LHC bounds on squark masses combined with naturalness and flavor considerations motivate non-trivial sfermion mass spectra in the supersymmetric Standard Model. These can arise if supersymmetry breaking is communicated to the visible sector via new extended gauge symmetries. Such extended symmetries must be spontaneously broken, or confined, complicating the calculation of soft masses. We develop a new formalism for calculating perturbative gauge-mediated two-loop soft masses for gauge groups with arbitrary patterns of spontaneous symmetry breaking, simplifying the framework of "Higgsed…
It is often the case that the naive introduction of the messenger sector to supersymmetry breaking models causes restoration of supersymmetry. We discuss a possibility of stabilizing the supersymmetry breaking vacuum by gravitational interaction.
We revisit low-scale gauge mediation models in light of recent observations of CMB Lensing and Cosmic Shear which put a severe upper limit on the gravitino mass, $m_{3/2} \lesssim 4.7$eV. With such a stringent constraint, many models of low-scale gauge mediation are excluded when the squark masses are required to be rather large to explain the observed Higgs boson mass. In this note, we discuss a type of low-scale gauge mediation models which satisfy both the observed Higgs boson mass and the upper limit on the gravitino mass. We also show that the gravitino mass cannot be smaller than about 1…
We evaluate the sparticle mass spectrum in the minimal four-dimensional construction that interpolates between gaugino and ordinary gauge mediation at the weak scale. We find that even in the hybrid case -- when the messenger scale is comparable to the mass of the additional gauge particles -- both the right-handed as well as the left-handed sleptons are lighter than the bino in the low-scale mediation regime. This implies a chain of lepton production and, consequently, striking signatures that may be probed at the LHC already in the near future.
We construct models of indirect gauge mediation where the dynamics responsible for breaking supersymmetry simultaneously generates a weakly coupled subsector of messengers. This provides a microscopic realization of messenger gauge mediation where the messenger and hidden sector fields are unified into a single sector. The UV theory is SQCD with massless and massive quarks plus singlets, and at low energies it flows to a weakly coupled quiver gauge theory. One node provides the primary source of supersymmetry breaking, which is then transmitted to the node giving rise to the messenger fields. …
We provide a simple solution to the $μ$-$B_μ$ problem in the "$R$-invariant direct gauge mediation model". With the solution, the Higgsino and gluino are predicted to be light as $\mathcal{O}(100)$GeV and $\mathcal{O}(1)$TeV, respectively. Those gluino and Higgsino can be accessible at the LHC and future collider experiments. Moreover, dangerous dimension five operators inducing rapid proton decays are naturally suppressed by the $R$-symmetry.
We discuss a class of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking models with conformal invariance above the messenger mass scale (conformal gauge mediation). The spectrum of the supersymmetric particles including the gravitino is uniquely determined by the messenger mass. When the conformal fixed point is strongly interacting, it predicts a light gravitino of mass m_{3/2}<O(10) eV, which is attractive since such a light gravitino causes no problem in cosmology.
The new MEG bound on BR(μ\to eγ) provides the strongest upper bound on the scale of gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking. If, in the future, this decay is observed by MEG, the mediation scale will become known to within one order of magnitude, and the seesaw scale will be constrained. In such a case, contributions from Planck mediated supersymmetry breaking are likely to be non-negligible, and an interpretation in terms of purely seesaw parameters will be impossible. The recent evidence for |U_{e3}|~0.15 further sharpens the predictions of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking.
I explore the phenomenology and models of Gauge Mediation with a mixed spectrum of Dirac and Majorana gauginos. Scalar sfermion masses are generated using a mixture of Supersoft and Minimal Gauge Mediated communication mechanisms. I build simple models where Dirac and Majorana gauginos arise from distinct SUSY breaking sectors. I explore the phenomenology of the gauge mediated parameter space, identifying candidate NLSP's and possible mass hierarchies. The phenomenological focus is on 'collider safe' models where the gluino is Dirac. Within this model space I find a range of complex SUSY spect…
We examine stabilities of our supersymmetry-breaking false vacuum in a low-energy direct gauge mediation model of SUSY breaking. The stability required in the high-temperature early universe leads to upperbounds on masses of squarks and gluino as m_\tilde{q} \lesssim 1 TeV and m_\tilde{g} \lesssim 1 TeV for the light gravitino of mass m_{3/2} \lesssim 16 eV.
In certain models of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking with messenger fields in incomplete GUT multiplets, the radiative corrections to the Higgs potential cancel out during renormalization group running. This allows for relatively heavy superpartners and for a 125 GeV Higgs while the fine-tuning remains modest. In this paper, we show that such gauge mediation models with "focus point" behaviour can be naturally embedded into a model of SU(5) x U(3) product group unification.
We analyze the theory and phenomenology of anomalous global chiral symmetries in the presence of an extra dimension. We propose a simple extension of the Standard Model in 5D whose signatures closely resemble those of supersymmetry with gauge mediation, and we suggest a novel scalar dark matter candidate.
We provide a gauge-mediation model of dynamical supersymmetry breaking where the gravitino mass takes a value in a wide range from 0.1 eV to 10 GeV. The lower mass region of order 100 keV or less deserves experimental and cosmological interests. The vacuum of our model is a true one without runaway instability, which may be desirable in a cosmological evolution of the universe.
We present a new, improved model of gauge mediation of dynamical SUSY Breaking: the model does not have gauge messengers or $\sim 10$ TeV scalars charged under the Standard Model (SM), thus avoiding the problem of negative (mass)$^2$ for supersymmetric SM (SSM) scalars faced by some earlier models. The gauge mediation is direct, i.e., the messengers which communicate SUSY breaking to the SSM fields carry quantum numbers of the gauge group which breaks SUSY. These messenger fields couple to a modulus field. The model has a very simple particle content: the modulus and the messengers are the onl…
We discuss the implications of the excesses in LHC Higgs boson searches on the gauge mediated supersymmetric standard model, for the mass range 120-140\,GeV. We find that a relatively heavy lightest Higgs boson mass in this range can be reconciled with light SUSY particles, $m_{\rm gluino}<2$\,TeV, if there are additional fields which couple directly to the Higgs boson. We also find that the mass of this extra matter can be predicted rather precisely in gauge mediation for a given Higgs boson and gluino mass.
In the context of direct gauge mediation Wess-Zumino models are very attractive in supersymmetry model building. Besides the spontaneous supersymmetry and R-symmetry breaking, the problems of small gaugino mass as well as μ and Bμ terms should be solved so as to achieve a viable model. In this letter, we propose a simple model as an existence proof, in which all these subjects are realized simultaneously, with no need of fine tuning. This completion also implies that much of parameter space for direct gauge medition can be directly explored at LHC.
Gravitinos and hidden sector fields often cause a cosmological disaster in supersymmetric models. We find that a model with gravitational gauge mediation solves such a problem quite naturally. The mu-problem is also absent in the model. Moreover, the abundance of gravitinos explains correct amount of dark matter of the universe. The dark matter abundance can be calculated without detailed information on the thermal history of the universe such as the reheating temperature after inflation.
We revisit a special model of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking, the "R-invariant direct gauge mediation." We pay particular attention to whether the model is consistent with the minimal model of the μ-term, i.e., a simple mass term of the Higgs doublets in the superpotential. Although the incompatibility is highlighted in view of the current experimental constraints on the superparticle masses and the observed Higgs boson mass, the minimal μ-term can be consistent with the R-invariant gauge mediation model via a careful choice of model parameters. We derive an upper limit on the gluino ma…
We consider a scenario in which Supersymmetry breaking is communicated to the MSSM fields through the interplay of yukawa and gauge interactions. The MSSM spectrum resembles that of split SUSY scenarios, but on top of that it develops some peculiar features like heavy higgsinos and an inverted hierarchy of sfermion masses. The predictions obtained are consistent with the most recent LHC SUSY and Higgs boson searches.
A striking consequence of supersymmetry breaking communicated purely via the superconformal anomaly is that the gaugino masses are proportional to the gauge beta functions. This result, however, is not unique to anomaly mediation. We present examples of ``generalized'' gauge-mediated models with messengers in standard model representations that give nearly identical predictions for the gaugino masses, but positive (mass)^2 for all sleptons. There are remarkable similarities between an anomaly-mediated model with a small additional universal mass added to all scalars and the gauge-mediated mode…
A recent observation of the two candidate events of the dark matter recoiling at CDMS-II is suggestive of dark matter with a mass not far above 100GeV. We propose a model of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking where the lightest neutralino is identified as dark matter which may provide the observed signals.
We consider the simplest class of the R-invariant gauge mediation model with the gravitino mass in the one to ten keV range. We show that the entropy production from the supersymmetry breaking sector makes the gravitino into a warm dark matter candidate. We also discuss that the gluino mass can be lighter than the wino mass even when the messenger sector satisfies the GUT relations at the GUT scale.
We construct a gauge mediation model of dynamical supersymmetry breaking (DSB) based on a vector-like gauge theory, in which there is a unique color-preserving true vacuum. The DSB scale $Λ/4π$ turns out to be as high as $Λ/4π\simeq 10^{8-9} GeV$, since the transmission of the DSB effects to the standard model sector is completed through much higher loops. This model is perfectly natural and phenomenologically consistent. We also stress that the dangerous D-term problem for the messenger U(1)_m is automatically solved by a charge conjugation symmetry in the vector-like gauge theory.
We show that gravitinos produced by decays of a supersymmetry breaking scalar field (the pseudo-moduli field) can naturally explain the observed abundance of dark matter in a certain class of the gauge mediation models. We study the decay processes as well as cosmological constraints on this scenario in detail, particularly focusing on different behavior of the real and imaginary components of the pseudo-moduli field. Cosmologically viable scenario emerges when the gravitino and the pseudo-moduli masses are O(10-100) MeV and O(100) GeV, respectively.
We consider pair-production of electroweakinos promptly decaying to light gravitinos in general gauge mediation scenarios within the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Typically the presence of photons and missing transverse momentum is the key signature for this kind of scenarios. We highlight where LHC analyses which have originally been designed to probe different scenarios provide complementary constraints with respect to the dedicated searches and we present the constraints on the parameter space.
We compute the pole mass of the gluino in the minimal gauge mediation to two-loop order. The pole mass of the gluino begins to arise at one-loop order and the two-loop order correction shifts the leading order pole mass by 20% or even more. This shift is much larger than the expected accuracy of the mass determination at the LHC, and should be reckoned with for precision studies on the SUSY breaking parameters.
This is an invited summary of a seminar talk given at various institutions in the United States and Canada. After a brief introduction, a review of the minimal R-symmetric supersymmetric standard model is given, and the benefits to the flavor sector are discussed. R-symmetric gauge mediation is an attempt to realize this model using metastable supersymmetry breaking techniques. Sample low energy spectra are presented and tuning is discussed. Various other phenomenological results are summarized.
We propose a one-parameter theory for gauge mediation of supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking. The spectrum of SUSY particles such as squarks and sleptons in the SUSY standard-model and the dynamics of SUSY-breaking sector are, in principle, determined only by one parameter in the theory, that is, the mass of messengers. Above the messenger threshold all gauge coupling and Yukawa coupling constants in the SUSY-breaking sector are on the infrared fixed point. We find that the present theory may predict a split spectrum of the standard-model SUSY particles, m_{gaugino} < m_{sfermion}, where m_{gaugino}…
Most phenomenologically acceptable supersymmetric models imply breaking of supersymmetry in a separate sector of fields introduced just for this purpose. Supersymmetry breaking is transferred to the Standard Model due to a certain interaction with this additional sector. In this review we disuss one of the popular mechanisms of such mediation with the key role played by the Standard Model gauge interactions. We consider general principles of gauge mediation and give the critical analysis of specific models together with their phenomenological and cosmological implications. We present also basi…
For supersymmetric theories with gravitino dark matter, the maximal reheating temperature consistent with big bang nucleosynthesis bounds arises when the physical gaugino masses are degenerate. We consider the cases of a stau or sneutrino next-to-lightest superpartner, which have relatively less constraint from big bang nucleosynthesis. The resulting parameter space is consistent with leptogenesis requirements, and can be reached in generalized gauge mediation models. Such models illustrate a class of theories that overcome the well-known tension between big bang nucleosynthesis and leptogenes…
We present a new, simple supersymmetry breaking model with direct gauge mediation. Supersymmetry breaking sector is based on the model with an Affine quantum moduli space. The model has no gauge messengers and no light scalars charged under the Standard Model which give a negative contribution to the soft masses. Large expectation value at the minimum is obtained by balancing the runaway potential and the dimension six nonrenormalizable term. This makes it easy to preserve the perturbative unification. Enough suppression of the supergravity contribution to the soft masses can also be shown.
Very light gravitino scenario m_{3/2} < 16 eV is very interesting, since there is no cosmological problem. However in such a scenario, stability of the vacuum is an important issue. Recently, Yonekura and one of the authors RS have investigated the parameter space of a low scale gauge mediation with a perturbatively stable vacuum and found that there are severe upper bound on the gaugino masses. In this paper, we show that such a model can be completely excluded/discovered at very early stage of the LHC run.
