评价种内变异和种间多样性：比较人类和鱼类
Evaluating Intraspecific Variation and Interspecific Diversity: comparing humans and fish species
摘要：
本论文利用8个分子数据集的分析，包括人类和硬骨鱼的例子，以及几组新热带电鱼（目的：裸形目）的形态样本，以测试种内变异和种间多样性的动态。在调查人类种间分子多样性方面，进行了两项实验练习。通过分支交换实验研究了H.智人和尼安德特人作为同一问题的一部分，另一项实验测试了模拟结果的分子差异量，这些模拟将尼安德特人视为现代人的地方种群或作为一个独特的亚种。最后，随着时间的推移与鱼类的类人猿种群的比较有助于定义什么构成形态种群之间的差异，表现在两个性状大小范围和通过生长模式，开始在个体发育。与部分硬骨鱼类的亚类相比，H。智人的分子数据在地理区域之间表现出很小的变化和不连续性。这两个实验的结果表明，尼安德特人与现代人在分类学上存在距离。智人。然而，这个距离并没有大到排除两个亚种群之间杂交的可能性。最后，分析了新热带电鱼种间的一系列特征。这些分析进行了比较，以确定构成分类学相关的差异之间的特定形态特征，在少年阶段发展的人群。
英文摘要：
The analysis of eight molecular datasets involving human and teleost examples along with morphological samples from several groups of Neotropical electric fish (Order: Gymnotiformes) were used in this thesis to test the dynamics of both intraspecific variation and interspecific diversity. In terms of investigating molecular interspecific diversity among humans, two experimental exercises were performed. A cladistic exchange experiment tested for the extent of discontinuity and interbreeding between H. sapiens and neanderthal populations. As part of the same question, another experimental exercise tested the amount of molecular variance resulting from simulations which treated neanderthals as being either a local population of modern humans or as a distinct subspecies. Finally, comparisons of hominid populations over time with fish species helped to define what constitutes taxonomically relevant differences between morphological populations as expressed among both trait size ranges and through growth patterns that begin during ontogeny. Compared to the subdivision found within selected teleost species, H. sapiens molecular data exhibited little variation and discontinuity between geographical regions. Results of the two experimental exercises concluded that neanderthals exhibit taxonomic distance from modern H. sapiens. However, this distance was not so great as to exclude the possibility of interbreeding between the two subspecific groups. Finally, a series of characters were analyzed among species of Neotropical electric fish. These analyses were compared with hominid examples to determine what constituted taxonomically relevant differences between populations as expressed among specific morphometric traits that develop during the juvenile phase.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
