The Environment of Sy1, Sy2 & Bright IRAS Galaxies
E. Koulouridis, V. Chavushyan, M. Plionis, D. Dultzin, Y. Krongold, C. Goudis, E. Chatzichristou
备注：
4 pages, 2 figures, uses mem.cls, natbib.sty and aa.bst, The Central Kiloparsec 2008 conference, to be published in the Volume 79 of the Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana
发表信息：
Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, v.79, p.1185 (2008)
We present a 3-dimensional study of the local (< 100 kpc) environment of Sy1, Sy2 and Bright IRAS Galaxies. For this purpose we use three galaxy samples (Sy1, Sy2, BIRG) located at high galactic latitudes as well as three control sample of non-active galaxies having the same morphological, redshift and diameter size distributions as the corresponding Seyfert or BIRG sample. Using the CfA2 and SSRS galaxy catalogues as well as our own spectroscopic observations, we find that the fraction of BIRGs with a close neighbor is significantly higher than that of their control sample. We also find that Sy2 galaxies demonstrate the same behaviour with BIRG galaxies but not with Sy1s which do not show any excess of companions with respect to their control sample galaxies. An additional analysis of the relation between FIR colors and activity type of the BIRG's shows a significant difference between the colors of strongly-interacting and non-interacting starbursts and a resemblance between the colors of non-interacting starbursts and Sy2s.Our results support an evolutionary scenario leading from Starbursting to a Sy2 and finally to an unobscured Sy1 galaxy, where close interactions play the role of the triggering mechanism.
This paper studies systematically, for the first time, the circumgalactic environment of bright IRAS galaxies as defined by Soifer et al. (1989). While the role of gravitational interaction for luminous and ultraluminous IRAS galaxies has been well established by various studies, the situation is by far more obscure in the IR luminosity range of the bright IRAS sample, 10^{10}Lsol < Lfir < 10^{11} Lsol. To easily identify nearby companion galaxies, the bright IRAS sample was restricted to 87 objects with redshift range 0.008 < z < 0.018 and galactic latitude > 30^{o}. A control sample, selecte…
The identification of IRAS sources with Faint Markarian galaxies on the base of the Second Byurakan Survey were made. It is shown that about 30% of SBS galaxies are also IRAS sources.The list of newly identified objects are presented.
We report the results of a search for 22 GHz water maser emission in IRAS-bright galaxies, using the 100-m Effelsberg telescope. In particular, we present the details of four new maser detections (IC342, NGC2146, NGC3556, and Arp299) and follow-up interferometric studies. A comparison between water maser detection rates derived in the present study and those in previous similar surveys is also presented.
Multifractal measures are applied to three IRAS galaxy subsamples selected by colour from the PSCz catalogue. As shown by generalised dimension spectrum, hot IRAS galaxies are found less clustered than cold galaxies, but the difference is very weak. An alternative tool, the conditional multifractal dimension spectrum reveals apparent peculiarity of the distribution of hot galaxies, especially at high orders. The conditional multifractal measure is basically measuring the environment of selected galaxies. A detailed analysis of the distribution of galaxies with their number of neighbours turns …
We present high-resolution (30"-1') 12, 25, 60, and 100 micron images of 106 interacting galaxy systems contained in the IRAS Revised Bright Galaxy Sample (RBGS, Sanders et al. 2003), a complete sample of all galaxies having a 60 micron flux density greater than 5.24 Jy. These systems were selected to have at least two distinguishable galaxies separated by less than three average galactic diameters, and thus we have excluded very widely separated systems and very advanced mergers. The new complete survey has the same properties as the prototype survey of Surace et al. 1993. We find no increase…
We present a study of the three ultraluminous infrared galaxies IRAS14348-1447, IRAS19254-7245, and IRAS23128-5919, based on mid-infrared (MIR) spectro-imaging (5-18microns) observations performed with ISOCAM. We find that the MIR emission from each system, which consists of a pair of interacting late type galaxies, is principally confined to the nuclear regions with diameters of 1-2kpc and can account for more than 95% of their IRAS 12micron flux. In each interacting system, the galaxy hosting an active galactic nucleus (AGN) dominates the total spectrum and shows stronger dust continuum (12-…
We demonstrate that high-redshift 1-Jansky radio sources are correlated with foreground IRAS galaxies on angular scales of several 10 arc minutes on a statistical significance level of up to 99.8\%. Based on a theoretical analysis published earlier, we propose to interpret these correlations in terms of gravitational lensing by large- scale structures.
We present the results of three independent analyses in which we show that IRAS galaxies faithfully trace the underlying distribution the mass in the local universe. In the first analysis we compare the mass and the galaxy density fields and show that they are consistent within 60 $h^{-1}$Mpc. In the second one we show that the tidal velocity field of the Mark III catalog is consistent with the tidal velocity field predicted from the distribution of IRAS galaxies, hence indicating that IRAS galaxies trace the mass distribution well beyond 60 $h^{-1}$Mpc. Finally, a third analysis aimed at dete…
We observed the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies IRAS 20181-2244 and IRAS 13324-3809 with a new spectropolarimeter on the RC spectrograph at the CTIO 4m telescope. Previously it had been suggested that IRAS 20181-2244 was a Type 2 QSO and thus might contain an obscured broad-line region which could be detected by the presence of broad Balmer lines in the polarized flux. We found the object to be polarized at about 2%, and constant with wavelength, (unlike most narrow-line Seyfert 1s), but with no evidence of broad Balmer lines in polarized flux. The spectropolarimetry indicates that the scatteri…
We report the first results of an ongoing survey at 22 GHz with the 100-m Effelsberg telescope to search for water maser emission in bright IRAS sources. We have detected water vapor emission in IC 342. The maser, associated with a star forming region ~10-15 arcsec west of the nucleus, consists of a single 0.5 km/s wide feature and reaches an isotropic luminosity of 0.01 L(sun) (D = 1.8 Mpc). Our detection raises the detection rate among northern galaxies with IRAS point source fluxes S(100micron) > 50 Jy to 16%.
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been employed using a supervised back-propagation scheme to classify 2000 bright sources from the Calgary database of IRAS (Infrared Astronomy Satellite) spectra in the wavelength region of 8-23 microns. The data base has been classified into 17 pre-determined classes based on spectral morphology. We have been able to classify more than 80 percent of the 2000 sources correctly at the first instance. The speed and robustness of the scheme will allow us to classify the whole of LRS database, containing more than 50,000 sources in the future.
The 120,000 X-ray sources detected in the RASS II processing of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey are correlated with the 14,315 IRAS galaxies selected from the IRAS Point Source Catalogue: 372 IRAS galaxies show X-ray emission within a distance of 100 arcsec from the infrared position. By inspecting the structure of the X-ray emission in overlays on optical images we quantify the likelihood that the X-rays originate from the IRAS galaxy. For 197 objects the soft X-ray emission is very likely associated with the IRAS galaxy. Their soft X-ray properties are determined and compared with their far-infrare…
We present high-sensitivity, high-resolution images of the Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRG; L$_{\mathrm{FIR}} > 10^{12}$ L$_\odot$) IRAS 23365+3604 and IRAS 07251-0248, taken with the EVN at 6 and 18 cm. The images show a large number of compact components, whose luminosities are typical of Type IIL and Type IIn Radio Supernovae (RSNe). Further observations of these ULIRGs will allow us to confirm, or to rule out, their nature. The present observations are part of a project that should result in a significant number of SN detections, providing a direct measurement of the Core Collapse S…
There has been some disagreement about the strength of evolution exhibited by IRAS galaxies. With a parameterisation such that the co-moving density increases as $(1+z)^P$ measurements of $P$ range from $2\pm3$ to $6.7\pm2.3$. We have recently completed a deep IRAS redshift survey which should help to clarify the situation. Paying particular attention to possible systematic effects (notably Malmquist Bias) we claim positive detection of evolution within this sample at the $3σ$ level. Our best estimate of the strength of evolution seen in this survey is $P=5.6\pm1.6\pm0.7$ corresponding to lumi…
We investigate the clustering of galaxies in the QDOT redshift survey of IRAS galaxies. We find that the redshift space two-point correlation function is well approximated by a power-law of slope -1.11+\-0.09, with clustering length 3.87+\-0.32 Mpc/h out to pair separations of 25 Mpc\h. On scales larger than 40 Mpc/h, the correlation function is consistent with zero. The r.m.s. fluctuation in the count of QDOT galaxies above the Poisson level in spheres of radius 8 Mpc/h is σ_8^{IRAS}=0.58+\-0.14, showing that fluctuations in the distribution of IRAS galaxies on these scales are smaller than t…
(Abridged) The characteristics of the starburst galaxies from the Pico dos Dias survey (PDS) are compared with those of the nearby UV-bright Markarian starburst galaxies, having the same limit in redshift ($v_h < 7500$ km s$^{-1}$) and absolute $B$ magnitude ($M_B < -18$). An important difference is found: the Markarian galaxies are generally undetected at 12$μ$m and 25$μ$m in \textit{IRAS}. This is consistent with the UV excess shown by these galaxies and suggests that the youngest star forming regions dominating these galaxies are relatively free of dust. The FIR selection criteria for the P…
The steep spectrum of IRAS F02044+0957 was obtained with the RATAN-600 radio telescope at four frequencies. Optical spectroscopy of the system components, was carried out with the 2.1m telescope of the Guillermo Haro Observatory. Observational data allow us to conclude that this object is a pair of interacting galaxies, a LINER and a HII galaxy, at $z=0.093$.
This paper presents the results of spectral observations for the largest complete sample of very luminous IRAS galaxies obtained to date. The sample consists of those 73 objects for which log (L_IR/L_sun) => 11.5 (H0=50 km/s/Mpc, q0=0.5) and mag =< 15.5, and was extracted from the 2 Jy IRAS redshift catalog. All the spectra were obtained using 2.16m telescope of Beijing Astronomical Observatory during the years 1994-1996. A total of 123 galaxy spectra were obtained with spectral ranges of 4400A to 7100A and 3500A to 8100A at resolutions of 11.2A and 9.3A respectively. In addition to the 73 spe…
We report long, pointed ROSAT HRI observations of the hyperluminous galaxies IRAS F00235+1024, F12514+1027, F14481+4454 and F14537+1950. Two of them are optically classified as Seyfert-like. No X-ray sources are detected at the positions of any of the objects, with a mean upper limit L(X)/L(Bol) of 2.3 times 10^-4. This indicates that any active nuclei are either atypically weak at X-ray wavelengths or obscured by column densities N(H)>10^23 cm^-2. They differ markedly from `ordinary' Seyfert 2 galaxies, bearing a closer resemblance in the soft X-ray band to composite Seyfert 2 galaxies or to …
We have studied the FIR/{\it mm} spectrum of IR galaxies by combining IRAS photometry with new {\it mm} data on a complete southern IRAS galaxy sample. The observed spectra and a dust model emphasize a dicothomy in the galaxy population: half of the objects with a lot of warm dust are characterized by higher values of the bolometric (UV-FIR) luminosity, of the dust-to-gas mass ratio, of the dust optical depths and extinction, while those dominated by cold ({\it cirrus}) dust show opposite trends. From these data we derive the {\it mm} luminosity function of galaxies and estimate their contribu…
IRAS flux densities, redshifts, and infrared luminosities are reported for all sources identified in the IRAS Revised Bright Galaxy Sample (RBGS), a complete flux-limited survey of all extragalactic objects with total 60 micron flux density greater than 5.24 Jy, covering the entire sky surveyed by IRAS at Galactic latitude |b| > 5 degrees. The RBGS includes 629 objects, with a median (mean) sample redshift of 0.0082 (0.0126) and a maximum redshift of 0.0876. The RBGS supersedes the previous two-part IRAS Bright Galaxy Samples, which were compiled before the final ("Pass 3") calibration of the …
This is the second in a series of papers presenting results from the SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey. In our first paper we provided 850 micron flux densities for 104 galaxies selected from the IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample and we found that the 60, 100 micron (IRAS) and 850 micron (SCUBA) fluxes could be adequately fitted by emission from dust at a single temperature. In this paper we present 450 micron data for the galaxies. With the new data, the spectral energy distributions of the galaxies can no longer be fitted with an isothermal dust model - two temperature components are now required. …
We use a series of statistical techniques to compare the clustering of samples of IRAS galaxies selected on the basis of their far-infrared emission temperature, to see whether a temperature-dependent effect, such as might be produced by interaction-induced star formation, could be responsible for the increase in clustering strength with redshift in the QDOT redshift survey that has been reported by several authors. The temperature-luminosity relation for IRAS galaxies means that warm and cool samples drawn from a flux-limited sample like QDOT will sample quite different volumes of space. To o…
Images of IRAS galaxies with a range of IR properties are examined for bright knots, both within and outside the galaxy. These are found almost exclusively in galaxies with steep IR spectra, but over a wide range of IR luminosity, and usually without strong nuclear activity. In most cases, the knots are likely to be star-formation induced by tidal interactions, and are seen in the early stages of such interactions. Detailed photometry is presented of knots in six representative galaxies. The knots appear to have a wide range of colour and luminosity, but it is argued that many are heavily redd…
We report on observations performed at 1.25 $mm$ of a southern galaxy sample, selected from the IRAS PSC and complete to $S_{60}=2 Jy$. We detected 18 sources and set significant limits on 10 further objects. We use these data to discuss the spatial distribution of cold dust, the broad-band far-IR/mm spectra, the overall amount of dust, the gas-to-dust mass ratio, the dust optical depth, and the overall extinction, for such a representative galaxy sample. These results are also supported by a successful comparison with values inferred for the Galaxy. Because of the favourable observational set…
An imaging survey of the {\em IRAS} 1-Jy sample of 118 ultraluminous infrared galaxies was conducted at optical (R) and near-infrared (K') wavelengths using the University of Hawaii 2.2m telescope. The methods of observation and data reduction are described. An R and K' atlas of the entire sample is presented along with some of the basic astrometric and photometric parameters derived from these images. A more detailed analysis of these data is presented in a companion paper (Veilleux, Kim, & Sanders 2002; astro-ph/0207401).
We present upper limits on the 850 micron and 450 micron fluxes of the warm hyperluminous (bolometric luminosity L_bol > 10^13 L_sun galaxies IRAS P09104+4109 (z=0.442) and IRAS F15307+3252 (z=0.926), derived from measurements using the SCUBA bolometer array on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Hot luminous infrared sources like these are thought to differ from more normal cold ultraluminous infrared (L_bol > 10^12 L_sun) galaxies in that they derive most of their bolometric luminosities from dusty AGNs as opposed to starbursts. Such hot, dusty AGNs at high redshift are thought to be responsi…
New mid-infrared (10 and 20 micron) spectro-photometry of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy IRAS 08572+3915 is presented. The 10 micron spectrum reveals a deep silicate absorption feature, while the 20 micron spectrum shows no clear evidence for an 18 micron silicate absorption feature. An interstellar extinction curve is fitted to IRAS 08572+3915 and two other deep silicate infrared galaxies, NGC 4418 and Arp 220. It is found that pure extinction cannot explain the spectral energy distributions of these sources. On the other hand, both the strength of the silicate absorption and the overall s…
All direct measurements of peculiar velocities of glaxies assume the Hubble law at low redshifts. However, it has been suggested by Segal et al (1993) that the correlation of redshifts and fluxes in a complete sample of IRAS galaxies is inconsistent with the Hubble law, and instead implies that redshifts are proportional to the square of distance at small redshift. The essence of the argument is that the luminosity function of galaxies itself can be used as a distance indicator. We examine this possibility critically using a variety of statistical tests, and conclude that the data do indeed su…
We present NIR observations of a sample of mainly interacting ULIRGs, comprising H and K band spectra. Our main aims are to investigate the power source of these extremely luminous objects and the various excitation mechanisms of the strong molecular hydrogen emission often seen in such objects. Broadened emission lines were only detected in one object, IRAS 23498, consistent with previous results for this galaxy. The [SiVI] emission line was detected in IRAS17179 and IRAS20210, both classified as Sy2s. Two of the sample were unclassified, IRAS00150 and IRAS23420, which exhibit neither [SiVI] …
We present preliminary results of XMM-Newton observations of 5 Ultra-luminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs), part of a mini-survey program dedicated to 10 ULIRGs selected from the bright IRAS sample. For 3 of them (IRAS 20551-4250, IRAS 19254-7245 and Mkn 231) we find strong evidence for the presence of a hidden AGN, while for two others (IRAS 20110-4156 IRAS 22491-1808) the S/N ratio of the data does not allow us to be conclusive. In particular, we have detected a strong Fe-K line in the X-ray spectra of IRAS19254-7245, with an equivalent width (~2 keV) suggestive that most of the energy source …
We estimate the three-dimensional power spectrum of IRAS galaxies from the QDOT and $1.2$Jy redshift surveys. We use identical estimators for both surveys and show how the results depend on the weights assigned to the galaxies. The power spectrum for the QDOT survey is steeper and has a higher amplitude at wavenumbers $k \sim 0.05\; h {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ (where $h$ is Hubble's constant in units of $100 \kmsmpc$) than the power spectrum derived from the $1.2$Jy sample. However, the QDOT power spectrum is sensitive to a small number of galaxies in the Hercules supercluster, in agreement with a recen…
We compute the bispectrum for the galaxy distribution in the IRAS QDOT, 2Jy, and 1.2Jy redshift catalogs for wavenumbers 0.05<k<0.2 h/Mpc and compare the results with predictions from gravitational instability in perturbation theory. Taking into account redshift space distortions, nonlinear evolution, the survey selection function, and discreteness and finite volume effects, all three catalogs show evidence for the dependence of the bispectrum on configuration shape predicted by gravitational instability. Assuming Gaussian initial conditions and local biasing parametrized by linear and non-lin…
We present the results obtained with BeppoSAX observations of the three Composite Seyfert/star-forming galaxies: IRAS 20051-1117, IRAS 04392-0123 and IRAS 01072+4954. These sources belong to an enigmatic class of X-ray sources detected in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (Moran et al. 1996) which is composed of 6 low redshift galaxies. Their optical spectra are dominated by the features of HII galaxies while their X-ray luminosities (< 10^{42} ergs/s) are typical of Seyfert galaxies. IRAS 20051-1117 shows a 2-10 keV spectrum well described by a power-law with photon index = 1.9 and low intrinsic absor…
A sample of 323 Ultraluminous IRAS galaxies (ULIRGs) has been correlated with the ROSAT All-Sky Survey and ROSAT public pointed observations. 22 objects are detected in ROSAT survey observations, and 6 ULIRGs are detected in addition in ROSAT public pointed observations. The detection is based on a visual inspection of the X-ray contour maps overlaid on optical images of ULIRGs taken from the Digitized Sky Survey. Simple power law fits were used to compute the absorption-corrected fluxes of the ROSAT detected ULIRGs. The ratio of the soft X-ray flux to the far-infrared luminosity is used to es…
We select the Luminous Infrared Galaxies by cross-correlating the Faint Source Catalogue (FSC) and Point Source Catalogue (PSC) of the IRAS Survey with the Second Data Release of the SDSS for studying their infrared and optical properties. The total number of our sample is 1267 for FSC and 427 for PSC by using 2$σ$ significance level cross-section. The "likelihood ratio" method is used to estimate the sample's reliability and for a more reliable subsample (908 for FSC and 356 for PSC) selection. Then a Catalog with both the infrared, optical and radio informations is presented and will be used…
Spectroscopic observations of a sample of 73 very luminous IRAS galaxies (log(LIR/Lsun)>=11.5 for H0=50km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1},q0=0.5) from the 2Jy red- shift survey catalogue were carried out using the 2.16m telescope at the Beijing Astronomical Observatory. The observational data, including the optical images (extracted from Digital Sky Survey) and spectra for these galaxies, are presented in paper I (Wu et al., 1998). In this paper, we give the spectral and morphological classifications for these very luminous IRAS galaxies (VLIRGs). We show that about 60% of VLIRGs exhibit AGN-like spectra (Sey…
This paper is primarily a study of the effect of a bar on the neutral hydrogen (HI) content of starburst and Seyfert galaxies. We also make comparisons with a sample of ``normal'' galaxies and investigate how well starburst and Seyfert galaxies follow the fundamental scaling Tully-Fisher (TF) relation defined for normal galaxies. 111 Markarian (Mrk) IRAS galaxies were observed at the Nancay radiotelescope. These measurements are complemented by data from the literature to form a sample of 105 unbarred and 113 barred Mrk IRAS galaxies. Barred galaxies have lower total and bias-corrected HI mass…
We analyse a Far InfraRed (FIR) catalogue of galaxies at 60 microns with a flux limit of approx. 110 mJy, extracted from a deep subsample of the IRAS Faint Source Survey. Monte-Carlo simulations and optical identification statistics are used to put constraints on the evolution of galaxies in the FIR. We find evidence for strong evolution of IRAS galaxies, in luminosity prop. to (1+z)^3.2 or density prop. to (1+z)^6.0 for f60 > 150 mJy, in agreement with previous claims. An excess of rather red faint optical counterparts with B>18, consistent with the above evolution, is detected. We interpret …
We report on the measurement of the two-point correlation function and the pairwise peculiar velocity of galaxies in the IRAS PSCz survey. The real space two-point correlation function can be fitted to a power law $ξ(r) = (r_0/r)^γ$ with $γ=1.69$ and $r_0=3.70 \mpc$. The pairwise peculiar velocity dispersion $σ_{12}(r_p)$ is close to $400 \kms$ at $r_p=3\mpc$ and decreases to about $150 \kms$ at $r_p \approx 0.2 \mpc$. These values are significantly lower than those obtained from the Las Campanas Redshift Survey, but agree very well with the results of blue galaxies reported by the SDSS team l…
We present 1.25 mm continuum data for a southern galaxy sample selected from the IRAS PSC and complete to S_60=2 Jy. Two thirds of the galaxies have been detected and significant limits on the remaining objects have been set. We find, on a statistical basis, indications that the dust emission in these galaxies is somewhat more centrally concentrated than that of the optical light, possibly tracing a higher metal content in the inner galactic regions. This result also allows to estimate the aperture corrections to the millimetric data. The latter, together with IRAS photometric data, have been …
The cosmologically significant population of dusty galaxies detected at sub-mm and mm wavelengths by SCUBA and MAMBO have played a central part in many of the discussions at this workshop. Obtaining their redshifts is critical in understanding their role in galaxy formation and evolution, but this is a challenging task. Significant progress has been made by obtaining spectroscopic redshifts of the subset of sub-mm galaxies detected in deep radio images, but other groups advocate a photometric redshift approach. Such methods rely on understanding the Spectral Energy Distribution of the galaxies…
We exploit observations at 1.25 mm with the ESO-SEST telescope of a southern galaxy sample, selected from the IRAS PSC and complete to $S_{60}=2 Jy$, to derive the FIR and mm luminosity functions and the conditional probability distributions of FIR and mm luminosity of galaxies. The reliability of these estimates is ensured by the good observed correlation of the far-infrared and mm emissions. This detailed knowledge of the millimetric properties of galaxies is used to simulate the extragalactic sub-mm sky (background intensity, small-scale anisotropy signals, and discrete source statistics) -…
We present new results from the SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey (SLUGS), the first large systematic submillimetre survey of the local Universe. Since our initial survey of a sample of 104 IRAS-selected galaxies we have now completed a survey of a sample of 81 optically-selected galaxies, observed with the SCUBA camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Since SCUBA is sensitive to the 90% of dust too cold to radiate significantly in the IRAS bands our new sample represents the first unbiased survey of dust in galaxies along the whole length of the Hubble sequence. We find little change in…
We present molecular line observations of the massive star forming region IRAS 17233-3606 aimed at studying the molecular core associated with the source. The observations were made using the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope in the CO (3-2) and HCO^+ (4-3) transitions, and in the CH_3OH (6_K-5_K), (7_K-6_K) and CH_3CN (16_K-15_K) bands. For the CO(3-2) and HCO^+ (4-3) transitions, we obtained maps with a size of 70''\times 70''. The typical angular resolution of the data is ~18''. Our observations reveal an exceptionally rich molecular spectrum, a signpost of hot core activity. Comparis…
We measure the autocorrelation function of galaxies in the IRAS Point Source Catalogue galaxy redshift (PSCz) survey and investigate its dependence on the far-infrared colour and absolute luminosity of the galaxies. We find that the PSCz survey correlation function can be modelled out to a scale of 10 h^{-1}Mpc as a power law of slope 1.30 +/- 0.04 and correlation length 4.77 +/- 0.20. At a scale of 75 h^{-1}Mpc we find the value of J_3 to be 1500 +/- 400. We also find that galaxies with cooler dust temperatures, are more strongly clustered than warmer galaxies. Splitting the survey into three…
New integral field optical fiber spectroscopy obtained with the INTEGRAL system, together with archival {\it {\it HST}} WFPC2 and NICMOS images, have been used to investigate the ultraluminous infrared galaxy IRAS 17208$-$0014, one of the coldest and most luminous objects in the IRAS 1 Jy sample. The 2D gas velocity field identifies the {\it optically faint} K-band nucleus as the {\it true} dynamical nucleus of the galaxy, and shows that the 3 kpc, tilted (i $\sim$ 35 degree) disk is rotating at $Δ$Vsin$i$= 250 km s$^{-1}$. The kinematical, morphological and photometric evidence presented here…
Using redshift samples, we calculate the cross-correlation functions of LSB galaxies with normal galaxies in complete samples (i.e. CfA and IRAS), which enables us to compare directly the amplitudes and shapes of the correlation functions. For pair separations $r\gs 2\mpc$, we find that the shape is in agreement with that of the correlation functions for other galaxies. The amplitudes ($A$) of $\xiab (r)$ are lower than those of the autocorrelation functions for the CfA and IRAS samples, with $A_{\rm LSB-CfA}:A_{\rm CfA-CfA}\approx 0.4$ and $A_{\rm LSB-IRAS}:A_{\rm IRAS-IRAS}\approx 0.6$. Thes…
The radio counterparts to the IRAS Redshift Survey galaxies are identified in the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) catalog. Our new catalog of the infrared flux-limited (S60 >= 2 Jy) complete sample of 1809 galaxies lists accurate radio positions, redshifts, and 1.4 GHz radio and IRAS fluxes. This sample is six times larger in size and five times deeper in redshift coverage (to z ~ 0.15) compared with those used in earlier studies of the radio and far-infrared (FIR) properties of galaxies in the local volume. The well known radio-FIR correlation is obeyed by the overwhelming majority (>98%) of the i…
We have investigated optical properties of 4248 infrared galaxies (IRGs) by positionally matching data from the IRAS and the SDSS DR3. Our sample includes 3 hyper luminous infrared galaxies (L >10^13Lsun) and 178 ultra luminous infrared galaxies (10^12Lsun < L < 10^13Lsun). Our findings are as follows: (i) more IR luminous galaxies tend to have smaller local galaxy density, being consistent with the picture where luminous IRGs are created by the merger-interaction of galaxies that happens more often in lower density regions; (ii) the fractions of AGNs increase as a function of Lir; (iii) there…
A complete flux-limited sample of 118 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIGs) has been identified from the IRAS Faint Source Catalog (FSC). The selection criteria were a 60 micron flux density greater than 1 Jy in a region of the sky delta > -40 deg, |b| > 30 deg. All sources were subsequently reprocessed using coadded IRAS maps in order to obtain the best available flux estimates in all four IRAS wavelength bands. The maximum observed infrared luminosity is L_ir = 10^{12.90} L_{sun}, and the maximum redshift is z = 0.268. The luminosity function for ULIGs over the decade luminosity range L_ir…
We present HST Faint Object Camera ultraviolet (230 nm and 140 nm) images of three ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIG: L_ir > 10^12 L_sun) selected from the IRAS Revised Bright Galaxy Sample. The purpose is to estimate spectral energy distributions (SEDs) to facilitate the identification of similar objects at high redshift in deep optical, infrared, and submm surveys. All three galaxies (VII Zw031 = IRAS F12112+0305, and IRAS F22491-1808) were well detected at 230 nm. Two of the three were marginally detected at 140 nm. The fluxes, together with ground-based optical and infrared photometry,…
The reconstruction of the peculiar velocity field from the 1.936~Jy iras selected sample of galaxies is compared to a similar reconstruction from an optically selected sample. A general method for combining different samples to reconstruct a self-consistent density and peculiar velocity field is presented. The method is applied to determine how sensitive the derived peculiar velocity field is to the characteristics of the sample used. The possibility that the iras galaxies do not trace the general galaxy population is explored adopting a simple model of linear biasing between the iras and opti…
The well-documented E1 relationships are first extended to infrared color $α(60,25)$ and flux ratio [OIII]/H$β_{\rm{n}}$ by comparing emission line properties to continuum properties in infrared wavelength. Both direct correlations and a principle component analysis are used in a sample of 50 IRAS IR-selected Seyfert 1.5 galaxies. In addition to confirm the correlations of E1 in Boroson & Green (1992), our Eigenvector 1 turns out to be dominated by mid-infrared color $α$(60,25), and most strongly effected by RFe, [OIII]/H$β_{\rm{n}}$, and EW(H$β_{\rm{b}}$). Our analysis indicate that the objec…
We estimated the luminosity function (LF) of IRAS galaxies in the PSCz catalogue. The faint end of the PSCz LF is slightly steeper than that of the LF derived by Saunders et al. (1990; S90). Using an analytical form for the LF used by S90, we obtain the following parameters: α= 1.23 \pm 0.04, L_*=(8.85 \pm 1.75) \times 10^8 h^{-2} L_\odot, σ=0.724 \pm 0.010, and ϕ_* = (2.34 \pm 0.30) \times 10^{-2} h^3 Mpc^{-3}. We also examined the evolution in the sample by a simple assumption ϕ_*(z) \propto (1+z)^P, and found P=3.40 \pm 0.70. It does not affect the three parameters, α, L_*, and σ, but ϕ_*(z…
We present deep spectroscopic and imaging data of the host galaxies of Mrk 1014, IRAS 07598+6508, and Mrk 231. These objects form part of both the QSO and the ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIG) families, and may represent a transition stage in an evolutionary scenario. Our imaging shows that all three objects have highly perturbed hosts with tidal tails and destroyed disks, and appear to be in the final stages of major mergers. The host galaxies of the three objects have spectra typical of E+A galaxies, showing simultaneously features from an old and a young stellar component. We model spect…
We present interferometric observations of three ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs; UGC 5101, Mrk 273, and IRAS 17208-0014) in the 3-mm wavelength range, using the Nobeyama Millimeter Array. Both the HCN (J=1-0) and HCO+ (J=1-0) molecular lines were observed simultaneously. HCN emission was clearly detected at the nuclear positions of these ULIRGs, and HCO+ emission was detected at the nuclear positions of UGC 5101 and IRAS 17208-0014. The HCN to HCO+ brightness-temperature ratios toward the nuclei of the three ULIRGs were derived and compared with those of lower luminosity galaxies know…
We describe the mid- (MIR) and far- (FIR) infrared properties of a large ($\sim$1000) sample of the most isolated galaxies in the local Universe. This sample is intended as a ``nurture-free'' zero point against which more environmentally influenced samples can be compared. We reprocess IRAS MIR/FIR survey data using the ADDSCAN/SCANPI utility for 1030 out of 1050 galaxies from the Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (CIG) as part of the AMIGA project. We focus on diagnostics (FIR luminosity $L_{FIR}$, $R=\log(L_{FIR}/L_{B})$ and IRAS colours) thought to be sensitive to effects of environment or int…
We present here the first results from two recently completed, fully sampled redshift surveys comprising 3703 IRAS Faint Source Survey (FSS) galaxies. An unbiased counts-in-cells analysis finds a clustering strength in broad agreement with other recent redshift surveys and at odds with the standard cold dark matter model. We combine our data with those from the QDOT and 1.2 Jy surveys, producing a single estimate of the IRAS galaxy clustering strength. We compare the data with the power spectrum derived from a mixed dark matter universe. Direct comparison of the clustering strength seen in the…
We present Sloan Digital Sky Survey and United States Naval Observatory observations of the V1647 Ori protostar and surrounding field near NGC 2068. V1647 Ori, the likely driving source for HH 23, brightened significantly in November 2003. Analysis of SDSS imaging acquired in November 1998 and February 2002 during the quiescent state, recent USNO photometry, and published 2MASS and Gemini data shows that the color changes associated with brightening suggest an EXor outburst rather than a simple dust clearing event.
