拔河作为分子马达双向货物运输的合作机制
Tug-of-war as a cooperative mechanism for bidirectional cargo transport by molecular motors
摘要：
细胞内运输是以分子马达为基础的，分子马达沿着细胞骨架丝拉动货物。一种运动蛋白总是在一个方向上运动，例如，传统的驱动蛋白运动到微管正端，而细胞质动力蛋白运动到微管负端。然而，许多细胞货物被观察到双向移动，涉及正端和负端定向电机。这种双向运输的最简单的机制可能是由两种运动物种之间的拔河比赛提供的。理论上研究了这种机制，使用在单分子实验中测得的单个电机的负载依赖性的传输特性。与以前的预期相反，这样的拔河被认为是高度合作的，并表现出七种不同的运动机制，这取决于单个电机参数的精确值。细胞可以利用运输过程对小参数变化的敏感性来调节其货物运输。
英文摘要：
Intracellular transport is based on molecular motors that pull cargos along cytoskeletal filaments. One motor species always moves in one direction, e.g. conventional kinesin moves to the microtubule plus end, while cytoplasmic dynein moves to the microtubule minus end. However, many cellular cargos are observed to move bidirectionally, involving both plus-end and minus-end directed motors. The presumably simplest mechanism for such bidirectional transport is provided by a tug-of-war between the two motor species. This mechanism is studied theoretically using the load-dependent transport properties of individual motors as measured in single-molecule experiments. In contrast to previous expectations, such a tug-of-war is found to be highly cooperative and to exhibit seven different motility regimes depending on the precise values of the single motor parameters. The sensitivity of the transport process to small parameter changes can be used by the cell to regulate its cargo traffic.
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