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arXiv 0806.4122astro-ph
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高吸积率大质量原恒星的演化

Evolution of Massive Protostars with High Accretion Rates

Takashi Hosokawa, Kazuyuki Omukai

摘要:

通过吸积形成大质量恒星需要大于10^-4 M_sun/yr的高吸积速率,以克服形成恒星的辐射压垒。在这里,我们研究的原恒星吸积在这样的高速率的演化,通过解决中央恒星的结构和内部吸积信封同时进行。原恒星的演化是从小的初始核心开始,直到它们到达零年龄主序星(ZAMS)的阶段。重点放在不同于低质量恒星形成标准情景中假定的10^-5 M_sun/yr的低吸积率的演化特征上。随着10^-3 M_sun/yr的高吸积速率,原恒星半径变得非常大,超过100 R_sun。直到恒星质量达到40 M_sun时,氢燃烧才开始,原恒星才达到ZAMS相,并且ZAMS到达质量随着吸积速率的增加而增加。在大于3 x 10^-3 M_sun/yr的非常高的吸积速率下,原恒星的总光度变得如此之高,以至于在达到ZAMS阶段之前,在稳定吸积下产生的辐射压抑制了原恒星的生长。因此,在临界吸积速率为3 x 10^-3 M_sun/yr的条件下的演化给出了可能的主序前恒星的质量上限为60 M_sun。MS星的质量上限也取决于在250 M太阳时相同吸积率下尘埃包层上的辐射压力。我们还提出,猎户座KL/BN星云中心源的有效温度和光度与我们的模型一致,是在高吸积速率下生长的原恒星的可能候选者。(节略)

英文摘要:

Formation of massive stars by accretion requires a high accretion rate of > 10^-4 M_sun/yr to overcome the radiation pressure barrier of the forming stars. Here, we study evolution of protostars accreting at such high rates, by solving the structure of the central star and the inner accreting envelope simultaneously. The protostellar evolution is followed starting from small initial cores until their arrival at the stage of the Zero-Age Main Sequence (ZAMS) stars. An emphasis is put on evolutionary features different from those with a low accretion rate of 10^-5 M_sun/yr, which is presumed in the standard scenario for low-mass star formation. With the high accretion rate of 10^-3 M_sun/yr, the protostellar radius becomes very large and exceeds 100 R_sun. It is not until the stellar mass reaches 40 M_sun that hydrogen burning begins and the protostar reaches the ZAMS phase, and this ZAMS arrival mass increases with the accretion rate. At a very high accretion rate of > 3 x 10^-3 M_sun/yr, the total luminosity of the protostar becomes so high that the resultant radiation pressure inhibits the growth of the protostars under steady accretion before reaching the ZAMS stage. Therefore, the evolution under the critical accretion rate 3 x 10^-3 M_sun/yr gives the upper mass limit of possible pre-main-sequence stars at 60 M_sun. The upper mass limit of MS stars is also set by the radiation pressure onto the dusty envelope under the same accretion rate at 250 M_sun. We also propose that the central source enshrouded in the Orion KL/BN nebula has effective temperature and luminosity consistent with our model, and is a possible candidate for such protostars growing under the high accretion rate. (abridged)

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