arXiv 0806.34142008-06hep-phhep-exhep-th

LHC碰撞安全性评述

Review of the Safety of LHC Collisions

J. Ellis, G. Giudice, M. L. Mangano, I. Tkachev, U. Wiedemann

备注：: This revised version incorporates the "Addendum on strangelets" as Appendix, and updates the bibliography
发表信息：: J.Phys.G35:115004,2008
DOI：: 10.1088/0954-3899/35/11/115004

摘要：

大型强子对撞机安全研究小组于2003年研究了大型强子对撞机（LHC）的碰撞安全性，并得出结论认为它们没有危险。在这里，我们回顾了他们2003年的分析，根据额外的实验结果和理论理解，这使我们能够确认，更新和扩展LHC安全研究组的结论。大型强子对撞机在实验室中，在受控条件下，以低于大气层中某些轰击地球数十亿年的宇宙射线所能达到的质心能量，再现碰撞。我们回想起宇宙射线与地球、太阳、中子星、白矮星和其他天体的碰撞率，其能量高于大型强子对撞机。天体的稳定性表明，这种碰撞不会有危险。具体来说，我们研究了LHC可能产生的假想物体，如真空泡，磁单极子，微观黑洞和奇异粒子，并没有发现相关的风险。在大型强子对撞机上产生的任何微观黑洞在到达探测器壁之前都会被霍金辐射衰变。如果某些微观黑洞是稳定的，那些由宇宙射线产生的黑洞将停止在地球或其他天体内部。天体的稳定性极大地限制了这种微观黑洞吸积的可能速率，因此它们不会带来任何可以想象的危险。在奇异介子的情况下，RHIC粒子产生的测量结果与简单的热力学模型的良好一致性严重限制了LHC重离子碰撞中奇异介子的产生，这也没有危险。

英文摘要：

The safety of collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was studied in 2003 by the LHC Safety Study Group, who concluded that they presented no danger. Here we review their 2003 analysis in light of additional experimental results and theoretical understanding, which enable us to confirm, update and extend the conclusions of the LHC Safety Study Group. The LHC reproduces in the laboratory, under controlled conditions, collisions at centre-of-mass energies less than those reached in the atmosphere by some of the cosmic rays that have been bombarding the Earth for billions of years. We recall the rates for the collisions of cosmic rays with the Earth, Sun, neutron stars, white dwarfs and other astronomical bodies at energies higher than the LHC. The stability of astronomical bodies indicates that such collisions cannot be dangerous. Specifically, we study the possible production at the LHC of hypothetical objects such as vacuum bubbles, magnetic monopoles, microscopic black holes and strangelets, and find no associated risks. Any microscopic black holes produced at the LHC are expected to decay by Hawking radiation before they reach the detector walls. If some microscopic black holes were stable, those produced by cosmic rays would be stopped inside the Earth or other astronomical bodies. The stability of astronomical bodies constrains strongly the possible rate of accretion by any such microscopic black holes, so that they present no conceivable danger. In the case of strangelets, the good agreement of measurements of particle production at RHIC with simple thermodynamic models constrains severely the production of strangelets in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC, which also present no danger.

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