Guido Altarelli
I present a concise review of where we stand in particle physics today. First, I will discuss the status of the Standard Model, its open problems and the expected answers from the LHC. Then I will briefly review the avenues for New Physics that can be revealed by the LHC.
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I present a concise review of where we stand in particle physics today. First, I will discuss QCD, then the electroweak sector and finally the motivations and the avenues for new physics beyond the Standard Model.
I present a concise review of the major issues and challenges in particle physics at the start of the LHC era. After a brief overview of the Standard Model and of QCD, I will focus on the electroweak symmetry breaking problem which plays a central role in particle physics today. The Higgs sector of the minimal Standard Model is so far just a mere conjecture that needs to be verified or discarded by the LHC. Probably the reality is more complicated. I will summarize the motivation for new physics that should accompany or even replace the Higgs discovery and a number of its possible forms that c…
In these lectures I start by briefly reviewing the status of the electroweak theory, in the Standard Model and beyond. I then discuss the motivation and the possible avenues for new physics, on the brink of the LHC start.
The prospects for physics at the LHC are discussed, starting with the foretaste, preparation (and perhaps scoop) provided by the Tevatron, in particular, and then continuing through the successive phases of LHC operation. These include the start-up phase, the early physics runs, the possible search for new physics in double diffraction, the continuation to nominal LHC running, and the possible upgrade of the LHC luminosity. Emphasis is placed on the prospects for Higgs physics and the search for supersymmetry. The progress and discoveries of the LHC will set the time-scale and agenda for the m…
The discovery of the Higgs boson along with the vigorous confirmation of the SM coupled with non-appearance of new (SUSY) particles has led to an apparent naturalness crisis. We argue the crisis stems from overestimates of finetuning. A proper evaluation of naturalness in SUSY leads to light higgsinos with mass mu~ 100-300 GeV while other sparticles may inhabit the multi-TeV range at little cost to naturalness. Special signatures like dilepton mass edges in gluino pair events and same-sign dibosons from wino pairs might occur at LHC13. An ILC with \sqrt{s}>2 mu would make the definitive test o…
We study the unintegrated, or transverse momentum dependent (TMD) gluon distribution obtained from the best description of the LHC data on the inclusive spectra of hadrons produced in the mid-rapidity region and low transverse momenta at starting scale Q0^2 = 1 GeV^2. To extend this gluon density at higher Q^2 we apply the Catani-Ciafoloni-Fiorani-Marchesini (CCFM) evolution equation. The influence of the initial (starting) non-perturbative gluon distribution is studied. The application of the obtained gluon density to the analysis of the ep deep inelastic scattering allows us to get the resul…
The physics perspectives of the production and decay of single top quarks and top quark pairs at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are reviewed from a phenomenological point of view.
The expected sensitivity of the LHC experiments to the discovery of the Higgs boson and the measurement of its properties is presented in the context of both the standard model and the its minimal supersymmetric extension. Prospects for a luminosity-upgraded ``Super-LHC'' are also presented.
We review the physics to be investigated at LHC. We also describe the main parameters of CMS and ATLAS detectors.
LHCb is a dedicated detector for b physics at the LHC. In this article we present a concise review of the detector design and performance together with the main physics goals and their relevance for a precise test of the Standard Model and search of New Physics beyond it.
I discuss and connect a number of topics in small-x physics at HERA and at LHC, pointing out recent progress and open questions in theory and phenomenology.
The LHC will soon provide proton-proton collisions at the unprecedented center of mass energy, $\sqrt{s}=$14 TeV. This not only allows us to probe new regions of high-$p_T$ physics, but also low-$x$ and forward physics. A selection of potential measurements are described to outline the prospects for low-$x$ and forward physics in the ATLAS, CMS, TOTEM, and LHCf experiments.
We review the search for new physics to be performed at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC). Namely, we review the expectations for the Higgs boson, supersymmetry and exotica detection at LHC. We also describe the main parameters of the CMS and ATLAS detectors.
With the upcoming Run 3 of the LHC, the FASERv and SND@LHC detectors will start a new era of neutrino physics using the far-forward high-energy neutrino beam produced in collisions at ATLAS. This emerging LHC neutrino physics program requires reliable estimates of the LHC's forward neutrino fluxes and their uncertainties. In this paper we provide a new fast-neutrino flux simulation, implemented as a RIVET module, to address this issue. We present the expected energy distributions going through the FASERv and SND@LHC detectors based on various commonly used event generators, analyze the origin …
This review starts with a brief introduction to the charged Higgs boson $(H^\pm)$ in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). It then discusses the prospects of a relatively light $H^\pm$ boson search via top quark decay and finally a heavy $H^\pm$ boson search at LHC. The viable channels for $H^\pm$ search are discussed, with particular emphasis on the $H^\pm -> tau+nu$ decay channel.
We present some physics topics that can be studied at the LHC using proton tagging. We distinguish the QCD (Pomeron structure, BFKL analysis...) from the exploratory physics topics (HIggs boson, anomalous couplings between photons and $W/Z$ bosons
We review the theoretical and experimental motivations behind recent proposals to add forward proton tagging detectors to the LHC experiments as a means to search for new physics.
We review some peculiar features of Sudakov expansions in the calculation of electroweak radiative corrections in the MSSM at high energy. We give specific examples and consider in particular the process b g -> t W of single top quark production relevant for the top quark physics programme at LHC.
We summarize the status of QCD corrections for SM Higgs boson production at hadron colliders and briefly sketch the main search strategies at the LHC.
We discuss the status of the theoretical predictions of some interesting b-physics observables that are sensitive to New Physics and can be measured at the LHC.
This talk discusses extrapolations to the LHC of several, apparently universal trends, seen in the data on relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions up to RHIC energies. In the soft physics sector, such extrapolations to the LHC are typically at odds with LHC predictions of the dynamical models, advocated to underlie multi-particle production up to RHIC energies. I argue that due to this, LHC is likely to be a discovery machine not only in the hard, but also in the soft physics sector.
Lectures content: (1) Flavour physics within the SM and the flavour problem; (2) B-physics phenomenology: mixing, CP violation, and rare decays; (3) Flavour physics beyond the SM: models and predictions.
I start with a brief introduction to Higgs mechanism and supersymmetry. Then I discuss the theoretical expectations, current limits and search strategies for Higgs boson(s) at LHC --- first in the SM and then in the MSSM. Finally I discuss the signatures and search strategies for the superparticles.
We present some inclusive and exclusive diffractive processes to be studied at the LHC, namely QCD, quartic anomalous couplings between $γ$ and $W/Z$ bosons and diffractive Higgs processes.
We present the theory of QED x QCD resummation and its interplay with shower/matrix element matching in precision LHC physics scenarios. We illustrate the theory using single heavy gauge boson production at hadron colliders.
We find out the connection between the unintegrated gluon distribution at low intrinsic transverse momenta and the inclusive spectrum of the hadrons produced in pp collision at LHC energies in the mid-rapidity region and low hadron transverse momenta. The parameters of this distribution are found from the best description of the LHC data. Its application to the analysis of ep deep inelastic scattering allows us to obtain the results which reasonable describe the H1 and ZEUS data on the structure functions at low x. The connection between the soft processes at LHC and small-x physics at HERA is…
I review the status of theoretical calculations relevant for electroweak physics at the Tevatron and LHC and discuss future directions. I also give a brief overview of current electroweak data and discuss future expectations.
A precision measurement of the LHC luminosity is a key ingredient for its physics program. In this contribution first of all we review the theoretical accuracy in the computation of LHC benchmark processes. Then we discuss the impact of available and future LHC data in global analysis of parton distributions, with emphasis on the treatment of normalization uncertainties. Finally we present some suggestions for the physics opportunities that can become available by measuring ratios of cross sections between the 8 TeV and 7 TeV runs.
What kind of New Physics, if any, we expect to discover at the LHC? I will try to address this formidable question by re-formulating it as follows: is the breaking of the electroweak symmetry strong or weak ?
We study the combined effects of both strong and electroweak dimension six effective operators on flavour changing top quark physics at the LHC. Analytic expressions for the cross sections and decay widths of several flavour changing processes will be presented, as well as an analysis of the feasibility of their observation at the LHC.
Welcome to the 2008 TASI lectures on the exciting topic of `tools and technicalities' (original title). Technically, LHC physics is really all about perturbative QCD in signals or backgrounds. Whenever we look for interesting signatures at the LHC we get killed by QCD. Therefore, I will focus on QCD issues which arise for example in Higgs searches or exotics searches at the LHC, and ways to tackle them nowadays. In the last section you will find a few phenomenological discussions, for example on missing energy or helicity amplitudes.
We present current and ongoing research aimed at identifying Pomeron effects at the LHC in both the weak and strongly coupled regimes of QCD.
We present recent developments in the theory and application of IR-improved QED$\otimes$QCD resummation methods, realized by MC event generator methods, for LHC and FCC physics scenarios.
The LHC / LC Study Group investigates how analyses at the LHC could profit from results obtained at a future Linear Collider and vice versa, leading to mutual benefits for the physics program at both machines. Some examples of results obtained within this working group so far concerning searches for new physics are briefly summarised.
The recent successes of the SM do not weaken the arguments in favour of New Physics residing at the TeV scale. Finding and identifying it represents the prime challenge for a generation of high energy physicists. To differentiate between different scenarios of New Physics we need to analyze their impact on flavour dynamics. A continuing comprehensive program of heavy flavour studies instrumentalizing the high sensitivity of \cp analyses is intrinsically connected to LHC's core mission. In B decays we can typically expect no more than moderate deviations from SM predictions. $B_s$ transitions p…
Neutrino Physics at the LHC: Status and Prospects
本文综述LHC上现有及拟建的中微子探测器，介绍FASER和SND@LHC首次观测到LHC中微子的突破成果，总结该领域在多方向的物理研究潜力。
We consider all relevant dimension six operators to perform a model independent analysis of flavour changing single top production at the LHC.
I start with a brief summary of Higgs Mechanism and supersymmetry. Then I discuss the theoretical constraints, current limits and search strategies for Higgs boson(s) at LHC - first in the SM and then in the MSSM. Finally, I discuss the analogous constraints and search strategies for the superparticles, concentrating on the minimal supergravity model. Recent advances in identifying the most promising channels for Higgs and SUSY searches are emphasized.
Some physical aspects of the ALICE experiment at the LHC are considered with emphasis on possible probes of quark-gluon plasma, created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.
I discuss LHC physics in the historical perspective of the progress in particle physics. After a recap of the Standard Model of particle physics, I discuss the high energy colliders leading up to LHC and their role in the discovery of these SM particles. Then I discuss the two main physics issues of LHC, i.e. Higgs mechanism and Supersymmetry. I briefly touch upon Higgs and SUSY searches at LHC along with their cosmological implications.
One may use amplitude-based resummation in QED $\otimes$ QCD to achieve IR-improvement of unintegrable singularities in the infrared regime to arbitrary precision in principle. We illustrate such improvement in specific examples in precision LHC/FCC physics.
We discuss the strategy to commission the LHC experiments and understand standard physics at sqrt{s}=14TeV before data taking starts and in the early phases of the LHC operation. In particular, we review the various steps needed to understand and calibrate the ATLAS and CMS detectors, from construction quality checks, to beam tests, to cosmics runs, to first collisions. We also review the preparation and tuning of Monte Carlo tools, and present a few examples of physics goals for integrated luminosities of up to a few inverse fb.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is expected to provide proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV, yielding millions of of top quark events. The top-physics potential of the two general purpose experiments, ATLAS and CMS, is discussed according to state-of-the-art simulation of both physics and detectors. An overview is given of the most important results with emphasis on the expected improvements in our understanding of physics connected to the top quark.
We perform a model independent analysis of the flavour changing strong interaction vertices relevant to the LHC. In particular, the contribution of dimension six operators to single top production in various production processes is discussed, together with possible hints for identifying signals and setting bounds on physics beyond the standard model.
The LHC collider plans to start in 2007, after which millions of top quarks will be produced at the collision points. In the first period of data taking these events will provide an essential calibration tool for the ATLAS and CMS detectors. During a later stage, as part of the precision measurement programme, both detectors will determine the top mass and properties like spin, charge and couplings. Top physics also plays a central role in the search for new particles, both as source of a possible signal and as source of background.}
Diffractive processes possible to be measured at the LHC are listed and briefly discussed. This includes soft (elastic scattering, exclusive meson pair production, diffractive bremsstrahlung) and hard (single and double Pomeron exchange jets, $γ$+jet, W/Z, jet-gap-jet, exclusive jets) processes as well as Beyond Stanrad Model phenomena (anomalous gauge couplings, magnetic monopoles).
I review the status of the comparisons between a few measurements at hadronic colliders and perturbative QCD predictions, which emphasize the need for improving the current computations. Such improvements will be mandatory for a satisfactory understanding of high-energy collisions at the LHC
Polarization observables in top quark decays are sensitive probes of possible new physics contributions to the interactions of the heavy third generation quarks. Within an effective theory approach such new physics contributions can be classified in terms of several higher dimensional operators. We investigate the interplay between indirect constraints on such operators, coming mainly from rare B physics processes, and direct measurements of top polarization observables at the LHC.
The LHC program will include the identification of events with single high-k_T photons as probes of new physics. We show that this channel is uniquely suited to search for experimental evidence of TeV-scale open string theory.
The Run 2 data taking period of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in years 2015-2018 has presented a great opportunity to search for physics beyond the standard model (BSM). It will be followed by the Run 3 period starting in 2022, and by the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era starting in late 2020s, where the latter promises an unprecedented wealth of physics prospects due to very high expected integrated luminosity and improved detector features. The ATLAS, CMS and LHCb experiments pursued a rich physics program in Run 2, and are already assessing the physics expectations at the HL-LHC e…
Following a general introduction to open questions beyond the Standard Model, the prospects for addressing them in the new era opened up by the LHC are reviewed. Sample highlights are given of ways in which the LHC is already probing beyond previous experiments, including the searches for supersymmetry, quark and gluon substructure and microscopic black holes.
The momentum dependence of the exciting new Pb + Pb data from LHC qualitatively suggests a perturbative picture interpretation for the energy loss of high-pT particles, but conclusions are difficult to draw due to the lack of 1) a quantitative theoretical calculation constrained by current high precision RHIC data and 2) a lack of control p + p and p + Pb data at LHC. Future measurements of identified heavy quark suppression will provide a novel qualitative tool for determining the dominant physics of the quark-gluon plasma created at RHIC and LHC.
We discuss the complementarity between the LHC and a low energy photon collider. We mostly consider the scenario, where the first linear collider is a photon collider based on dual beam technology like CLIC.
We discuss the model independent parameterization for a strongly interacting electroweak sector. Phenomenological studies are made to probe such a sector for future colliders such as the LHC, $e^+e^-$ Linear collider and a muon collider.
The Tevatron Run-II started data-taking in spring 2001 and several searches for new particles have been performed. The preliminary 2005 results are concisely reviewed for the experiments CDF and D0. Model-independent and model-dependent limits on Higgs boson and Supersymmetric particle production are set and interpretations are given. Several limits from the LEP era have been extended. The outlook for the Tevatron and the prospects for the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC for selected searches are briefly addressed.
This review starts with a brief introduction to the charged Higgs boson $(H^\pm)$ in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). It then discusses the prospects of a relatively light $H^\pm$ boson search via top quark decay and finally a heavy $H^\pm$ boson search at LHC. The viable channels for $H^\pm$ search are discussed, with particular emphasis on the $H^\pm \to τν$ decay channel.
I present a concise review of where we stand in particle physics today. First, I will discuss QCD, then the electroweak sector and finally the motivations and the avenues for new physics beyond the Standard Model.
We present an overview of what we learned so far from low-energy flavour observables, concerning physics beyond the Standard Model, and what we could still learn from further studies in flavour physics in the next few years.
Experimental prospects for studying high-energy photon-photon and photon-proton interactions at the LHC are discussed. Assuming a typical LHC multipurpose detector, various signals and their irreducible backgrounds are presented after applying acceptance cuts. Selection strategies based on photon interaction tagging techniques are presented. Prospects are discussed for the Higgs boson search, detection of SUSY particles and of anomalous quartic gauge couplings, as well as for the top quark physics.
Manuscript of volume 2 of the Yellow Report on the "Workshop on the Physics of HL-LHC and perspectives at HE-LHC" containing the notes produced by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations as input to the Yellow Report volume 1.
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