重力不稳定性、软骨形成和FU猎户座现象
Gravitational Instabilities, Chondrule Formation, and the FU Orionis Phenomenon
摘要：
使用分析参数和数值模拟，我们研究是否球粒形成和FU Orionis现象可以引起的重力不稳定性（GIs）在死区的爆发式发病。原则上，至少有两种情况下的死区可以工作。如果盘处于碎裂的边缘，那么在$r\sim4$到5天文单位附近的GI激活至少在极端条件下可以产生球粒形成冲击。质量通量也足够高，在发病期间的地理信息系统，建议爆发有关的FU Orionis现象。数值模拟证明了这种情况。与此相反，正如分析论证所支持的，如果爆发发生在靠近$r\sim1$ AU的地方，那么即使是低螺距角的螺旋波也可以产生产生球粒的冲击和爆发。我们还研究了稳定性的大规模磁盘在我们的模拟对碎片，并发现，虽然磁盘的演变是敏感的不透明度的变化，我们研究的磁盘不碎片，即使在高分辨率，甚至极端的假设。
英文摘要：
Using analytic arguments and numerical simulations, we examine whether chondrule formation and the FU Orionis phenomenon can be caused by the burst-like onset of gravitational instabilities (GIs) in dead zones. At least two scenarios for bursting dead zones can work, in principle. If the disk is on the verge of fragmention, GI activation near $r\sim4$ to 5 AU can produce chondrule-forming shocks, at least under extreme conditions. Mass fluxes are also high enough during the onset of GIs to suggest that the outburst is related to an FU Orionis phenomenon. This situation is demonstrated by numerical simulations. In contrast, as supported by analytic arguments, if the burst takes place close to $r\sim1$ AU, then even low pitch angle spiral waves can create chondrule-producing shocks and outbursts. We also study the stability of the massive disks in our simulations against fragmentation and find that although disk evolution is sensitive to changes in opacity, the disks we study do not fragment, even at high resolution and even for extreme assumptions.
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