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arXiv 0806.0626astro-ph
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早型星系NGC 4697中低质量X射线双星候选体的深Chandra X射线观测

Deep Chandra X-ray Observations of Low Mass X-ray Binary Candidates in the Early-Type Galaxy NGC 4697

Gregory R. Sivakoff, Andrés Jordán, Adrienne M. Juett, Craig L. Sarazin, Jimmy A. Irwin

摘要:

钱德拉X射线观测通常可以在附近的大质量早型星系中分辨出每个星系数十到数百个低质量X射线双星(LMXB)。这些研究提出了一些重要的问题,关于早期星系中曾经的大质量恒星的残余物的行为,即LMXB和球状星团(GC)之间的联系以及LMXB光度函数(LF)的性质。在本文中,我们结合了五个时期的钱德拉观测和一个中央场哈勃空间望远镜高级相机的调查观察NGC 4697,最近的,光学发光的椭圆(E6)星系之一,探讨GC-LMXB连接和LMXB-LF下降到(0.6/1.4)x 10^{37}尔格/秒的检测/完整性限制。我们检测到158个源,目前他们的光度和硬度比,并与GC的34 LMXB。我们证实了具有更高相遇率(Γ_h)和更红颜色(更高金属丰度Z)的GC更有可能包含GC,并发现每个GC中LMXB的预期数量与Γ_h^{0.79+0.18/-0.15} Z^{0.50+0.20/-0.18}成正比,这与银河系GC中较暗的X射线源和室女座早型星系中的LMXB一致。NGC 4697中约11+/-2%/8 +/-2%的GC含有检测/完整性限度的LMXB。我们认为,与银河系相比,NGC 4697中富含金属的GC的比例更大,这解释了为什么在相似的光度下,这些分数比银河系高得多。我们确认,一个破碎的幂律是最适合的LMXB-LF,虽然我们不能排除一个截止的幂律,并认为这提出了一种可能性,即没有普遍的形式,在早期类型的星系LMXB-LF。我们发现边缘的证据,不同的LF LMXB在GC和现场和不同的光谱GC-LMXB和现场LMXB。

英文摘要:

Chandra X-ray observations routinely resolve tens to hundreds of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) per galaxy in nearby massive early-type galaxies. These studies have raised important issues regarding the behavior of this population of remnants of the once massive stars in early-type galaxies, namely the connection between LMXBs and globular clusters (GCs) and the nature of the LMXB luminosity function (LF). In this paper, we combine five epochs of Chandra observations and one central field Hubble Space Telescope Advance Camera for Surveys observation of NGC 4697, one of the nearest, optically luminous elliptical (E6) galaxies, to probe the GC-LMXB connection and LMXB-LF down to a detection/completeness limit of (0.6/1.4) x 10^{37} ergs/s. We detect 158 sources, present their luminosities and hardness ratios, and associate 34 LMXBs with GCs. We confirm that GCs with higher encounter rates (Γ_h) and redder colors (higher metallicity Z) are more likely to contain GCs, and find that the expected number of LMXBs per GC is proportional to Γ_h^{0.79+0.18/-0.15} Z^{0.50+0.20/-0.18}, consistent with fainter X-ray sources in Galactic GCs and LMXBs in Virgo early-type galaxies. Approximately 11+/-2% / 8 +/-2% of GCs in NGC 4697 contain an LMXB at the detection/completeness limit. We propose that the larger proportion of metal-rich GCs in NGC 4697 compared to the Milky Way explains why these fractions are much higher than those of the Milky Way at similar luminosities. We confirm that a broken power-law is the best fit to the LMXB-LF, although we cannot rule out a cutoff power-law, and argue that this raises the possibility that there is no universal form for the LMXB-LF in early-type galaxies. We find marginal evidence for different LFs of LMXBs in GCs and the field and different spectra of GC-LMXBs and Field-LMXBs.

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