玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中低能Bogoliubov声子的超流行为和反常隧穿效应
Supercurrent behavior of low-energy Bogoliubov phonon and anomalous tunneling effect in a Bose-Einstein condensate
摘要：
研究了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中Bogoliubov模的隧穿性质。利用一个具有δ泛函势垒的精确可解模型，我们证明了低能Bogoliubov声子的二分量波函数（u，v）中的每个分量都具有与超流态凝聚波函数相同的形式.结果表明，分别与u和v相关联的电流J_u和J_v具有与凝聚态携带的超导电流相同的隧穿性质。因此，由这两个电流的隧穿描述的低能Bogoliubov声子的隧穿显示出完美的传输。我们还发现，除了临界超导态外，在凝聚态携带超导流的情况下，Bogoliubov声子的超导行为仍然存在。在临界电流状态下，由于J_u或J_v超过了与凝聚体相关联的超电流临界值所给出的上限，所以不存在完全透射。我们的结果一致地解释了最近提出的两种与Bogoliubov声子有关的隧穿现象，即反常隧穿效应（低能极限下的完全透射）和临界超流态下的完全透射的击穿。
英文摘要：
We investigate tunneling properties of Bogoliubov mode in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Using an exactly solvable model with a delta-functional barrier, we show that each component in the two-component wavefunction (u,v) of low-energy Bogoliubov phonon has the same form as the condensate wavefunction in the supercurrent state. As a result, the currents J_u and J_v associated with u and v, respectively, have the same tunneling properties as those of supercurrent carried by condensate. Thus, the tunneling of low-energy Bogoliubov phonon described by the tunneling of these two currents shows perfect transmission. We also show that the supercurrent behaviors of Bogoliubov phonon still exist in the presence of supercurrent carried by condensate, except in the critical supercurrent state. In the critical current state, the perfect transmission is absent, because J_u or J_v exceeds their upper limit given by the critical value of the supercurrent associated with the condensate. Our results consistently explain the recently proposed two tunneling phenomena associated with Bogoliubov phonon, namely, the anomalous tunneling effect (perfect transmission in the low-energy limit) and the breakdown of the perfect transmission in the critical supercurrent state.
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