We modify the Kuramoto model for synchronization on complex networks by introducing a gauge term that depends on the edge betweenness centrality (BC). The gauge term introduces additional phase difference between two vertices from 0 to $π$ as the BC on the edge between them increases from the minimum to the maximum in the network. When the network has a modular structure, the model generates the phase synchronization within each module, however, not over the entire system. Based on this feature, we can distinguish modules in complex networks, with relatively little computational time of $\mathcal{O}(NL)$, where $N$ and $L$ are the number of vertices and edges in the system, respectively. We also examine the synchronization of the modified Kuramoto model and compare it with that of the original Kuramoto model in several complex networks.
We present a linear stability analysis of the incoherent state in a system of globally coupled, identical phase oscillators subject to colored noise. In that we succeed to bridge the extreme time scales between the formerly studied and analytically solvable cases of white noise and quenched random frequencies.
The cluster synchronization is a very important characteristic for the higher harmonic coupling Kuramoto system. A novel transformation is provided, and it gives cluster synchronization by the periodic properties of the density function. The periodic properties of the density function also make the cluster sections' boundaries barrier-like, which helps to explain the sensitiveness of cluster synchronization on the initial conditions of the oscillators. Detailed numerical studies confirm the theoretical predictions from this new view of the symmetry transformation. The work is very beneficial t…
A small-world network (SW) of similar phase oscillators, interacting according to the Kuramoto model is studied numerically. It is shown that deterministic Kuramoto dynamics on the SW networks has various stable stationary states. This can be attributed to the "defect patterns" in a SW network which is inherited to it from deformation of "helical patterns" in its parent regular one. Turning on an uncorrelated random force, causes the vanishing of the defect patterns, hence increasing the synchronization among oscillators for intermediate noise intensities. This phenomenon which is called "stoc…
We investigate the long-time asymptotics of the fluctuation SPDE in the Kuramoto synchronization model. We establish the linear behavior for large time and weak disorder of the quenched limit fluctuations of the empirical measure of the particles around its McKean-Vlasov limit. This is carried out through a spectral analysis of the underlying unbounded evolution operator, using arguments of perturbation of self-adjoint operators and analytic semigroups. We state in particular a Jordan decomposition of the evolution operator which is the key point in order to show that the fluctuations of the d…
We have extended the study of the Kuramoto model with additive Gaussian noise running on the KKI-18 large human connectome graph. We determined the dynamical behavior of this model by solving it numerically in an assumed homeostatic state, below the synchronization crossover point we determined previously. The de-synchronization duration distributions exhibit power-law tails, characterized by the exponent in the range $1.1 < τ_t < 2$, overlapping the in vivo human brain activity experiments by Palva et al. We show that these scaling results remain valid, by a transformation of the ultra-slow e…
We study the synchronization of a small-world network of identical coupled phase oscillators with Kuramoto interaction. First, we consider the model with instantaneous mutual interaction and the normalized coupling constant to the degree of each node. For this model, similar to the constant coupling studied before, we find the existence of various attractors corresponding to the different defect patterns and also the noise enhanced synchronization when driven by an external uncorrelated white noise. We also investigate the synchronization of the model with homogenous time-delay in the phase co…
We consider a Kuramoto model of coupled oscillators that includes quenched random interactions of the type used by van Hemmen in his model of spin glasses. The phase diagram is obtained analytically for the case of zero noise and a Lorentzian distribution of the oscillators' natural frequencies. Depending on the size of the attractive and random coupling terms, the system displays four states: complete incoherence, partial synchronization, partial antiphase synchronization, and a mix of antiphase and ordinary synchronization.
The hypothesis, that cortical dynamics operates near criticality also suggests, that it exhibits universal critical exponents which marks the Kuramoto equation, a fundamental model for synchronization, as a prime candidate for an underlying universal model. Here, we determined the synchronization behavior of this model by solving it numerically on a large, weighted human connectome network, containing 804092 nodes, in an assumed homeostatic state. Since this graph has a topological dimension $d < 4$, a real synchronization phase transition is not possible in the thermodynamic limit, still we c…
The collective dynamics in populations of magnetic spin torque oscillators (STO) is an intensely studied topic in modern magnetism. Here, we show that arrays of STO coupled via dipolar fields can be modeled using a variant of the Kuramoto model, a well-known mathematical model in non-linear dynamics. By investigating the collective dynamics in arrays of STO we find that the synchronization in such systems is a finite size effect and show that the critical coupling-for a complete synchronized state-scales with the number of oscillators. Using realistic values of the dipolar coupling strength be…
The synchronization transition of correlated ensembles of coupled Kuramoto oscillators on sparse random networks is investigated. Extensive numerical simulations show that correlations between the native frequencies of adjacent oscillators on the network systematically shift the critical point as well as the critical exponents characterizing the transition. Negative correlations imply an onset of synchronization for smaller coupling, whereas positive correlations shift the critical coupling towards larger interaction strengths. For negatively correlated oscillators the transition still exhibit…
Spontaneous synchronization is a remarkable collective effect observed in nature, whereby a population of oscillating units, which have diverse natural frequencies and are in weak interaction with one another, evolves to spontaneously exhibit collective oscillations at a common frequency. The Kuramoto model provides the basic analytical framework to study spontaneous synchronization. The model comprises limit-cycle oscillators with distributed natural frequencies interacting through a mean-field coupling. Although more than forty years have passed since its introduction, the model continues to…
We study synchronization in disordered arrays of Josephson junctions. In the first half of the paper, we consider the relation between the coupled resistively- and capacitively shunted junction (RCSJ) equations for such arrays and effective phase models of the Winfree type. We describe a multiple-time scale analysis of the RCSJ equations for a ladder array of junctions \textit{with non-negligible capacitance} in which we arrive at a second order phase model that captures well the synchronization physics of the RCSJ equations for that geometry. In the second half of the paper, motivated by rece…
The synchronization pattern of a fully connected competing Kuramoto model with a uniform intrinsic frequency distribution $g(ω)$ was recently considered. This competing Kuramoto model assigns two coupling constants with opposite signs, $K_1 < 0$ and $K_2 > 0$, to the $1-p$ and $p$ fractions of nodes, respectively. This model has a rich phase diagram that includes incoherent, $π$, and traveling wave (TW) phases and a hybrid phase transition with abnormal properties that occurs through an intermediate metastable $π$ state. Here, we consider the competing Kuramoto model on Erdős--Rényi (ER) rando…
We investigate the synchronization transition of the Shinomoto-Kuramoto model on networks of the fruit-fly and two large human connectomes. This model contains a force term, thus is capable of describing critical behavior in the presence of external excitation. By numerical solution we determine the crackling noise durations with and without thermal noise and show extended non-universal scaling tails characterized by $2< τ_t < 2.8$, in contrast with the Hopf transition of the Kuramoto model, without the force $τ_t=3.1(1)$. Comparing the phase and frequency order parameters we find different tr…
The Kuramoto phase diffusion equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation which describes the spatio-temporal evolution of a phase variable in an oscillatory reaction diffusion system. Synchronization manifests itself in a stationary phase gradient where all phases throughout a system evolve with the same velocity, the synchronization frequency. The formation of concentric waves can be explained by local impurities of higher frequency which can entrain their surroundings. Concentric waves in synchronization also occur in heterogeneous systems, where the local frequencies are distribut…
We study the Kuramoto model on complex networks, in which natural frequencies of phase oscillators and the vertex degrees are correlated. Using the annealed network approximation and numerical simulations we explore a special case in which the natural frequencies of the oscillators and the vertex degrees are linearly coupled. We find that in uncorrelated scale-free networks with the degree distribution exponent $2 < γ< 3$, the model undergoes a first-order phase transition, while the transition becomes of the second order at $γ>3$. If $γ=3$, the phase synchronization emerges as a result of a h…
We study the impact of random pinning fields on the emergence of synchrony in the Kuramoto model on complete graphs and uncorrelated random complex networks. We consider random fields with uniformly distributed directions and homogeneous and heterogeneous (Gaussian) field magnitude distribution. In our analysis we apply the Ott-Antonsen method and the annealed-network approximation to find the critical behavior of the order parameter. In the case of homogeneous fields, we find a tricritical point above which a second-order phase transition gives place to a first-order phase transition when the…
