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arXiv 0806.0399astro-ph
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GRB余辉光谱中Z~z_GRB处NV吸收的研究:关于祖星附近气体的线索

A Survey for NV Absorption at z~z_GRB in GRB Afterglow Spectra: Clues to Gas Near the Progenitor Star

Jason X. Prochaska, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz, Hsiao-Wen Chen

摘要:

我们调查了长持续时间的伽马射线暴(GRB)的余辉光谱中的NV吸收,目的是研究这些事件的星系中的高度电离气体。我们发现,在z~z_GRB中出现NV气体的光谱发生率很高(6/7),而且大多数都显示出大的柱密度NV > 10^14 cm^-2。除了一个例外,观察到的谱线轮廓在运动学上是“冷”的,即它们很窄,与中性气体的吸收线有很小的速度偏移(Dv < 20 km/s)。此外,NV吸收具有与UV泵浦精细结构线类似的速度,表明这些高离子位于GRB余辉的约1 kpc内。这些特征与在银河系的晕/盘中或沿高z阻尼Lya系统的视线检测到的NV气体不同,但类似于与类星体和一些高z星爆相关的窄吸收线系统。我们证明了γ射线暴余辉在r~ 10 pc时将氮光化为NV。这个过程可以产生NV吸收的特性类似于我们的大多数样品,我们认为这是沿伽玛射线暴视线NV的主要机制。因此,观测提供了这一距离的物理条件的快照。在这种情况下,观测结果意味着前身星的星风被限制在r<10 pc,这表明伽玛暴前身星出现在致密(n > 10^3 cm^-3)的环境中,这是典型的分子云。因此,观测结果主要限制了伽玛射线暴周围(前)分子云区域内气体的物理条件-金属丰度、密度、速度场。

英文摘要:

We survey NV absorption in the afterglow spectra of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with the intent to study highly ionized gas in the galaxies hosting these events. We identify a high incidence (6/7) of spectra exhibiting NV gas with z~z_GRB and the majority show large column densities NV > 10^14 cm^-2. With one exception, the observed line-profiles are kinematically `cold', i.e. they are narrow and have small velocity offset (Dv < 20 km/s) from absorption lines associated with neutral gas. In addition, the NV absorption has similar velocity as the UV-pumped fine-structure lines indicating these high ions are located within ~1kpc of the GRB afterglow. These characteristics are unlike those for NV gas detected in the halo/disk of the Milky Way or along sightlines through high z damped Lya systems but resemble the narrow absorption line systems associated with quasars and some high z starbursts. We demonstrate that GRB afterglows photoionize nitrogen to NV at r~10pc. This process can produce NV absorption with characteristics resembling the majority of our sample and and we argue it is the principal mechanism for NV along GRB sightlines. Therefore, the observations provide a snapshot of the physical conditions at this distance. In this scenario, the observations imply the progenitor's stellar wind is confined to r<10pc which suggests the GRB progenitors occur within dense (n > 10^3 cm^-3) environments, typical of molecular clouds. The observations, therefore, primarily constrain the physical conditions -- metallicity, density, velocity fields -- of the gas within the (former) molecular cloud region surrounding the GRB.

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