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arXiv 0704.2073astro-ph
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通过星周吸收线对伽马射线暴和超新星祖先的约束。(II):LBV后沃尔夫-拉叶星

Constraints on gamma-ray burst and supernova progenitors through circumstellar absorption lines. (II): Post-LBV Wolf-Rayet stars

A. J. van Marle, N. Langer, G. garcia-Segura

摘要:

Van Marle等人(2005)指出,早期Ib/c型超新星和伽马射线暴余辉光谱中的星周吸收线可能揭示了爆炸沃尔夫-拉叶星的祖先演化。虽然引用的论文涉及沃尔夫-拉叶星通过红超巨星阶段演化,但我们在这里研究了最初更大质量的沃尔夫-拉叶星,它们被认为是通过亮蓝变星(LBV)阶段演化的。我们进行流体动力学模拟60 Msol恒星周围的星周介质的演化,从主序列通过LBV和沃尔夫-拉叶阶段,核心崩溃。然后,我们计算柱密度的拱星物质作为径向速度,时间和角度的函数。这使得比较的数量和蓝移,吸收成分的光谱中的LBV,沃尔夫-拉叶星,Ib/c型超新星和伽马射线暴余辉。我们对LBV后阶段的模拟显示了各种吸收成分的形成,然而,这些成分的寿命相当短;它们在短于50,000年的时间尺度上消散。由于LBV阶段被认为发生在核心氦燃烧的开始,剩余的沃尔夫-拉叶寿命预计将大一个数量级。当解释GRB-021004的余辉光谱中的吸收成分为拱星时,可以得出结论,这个源的祖先很可能没有经过LBV阶段。然而,一个具有晚期共包络相的近距离双星(案例C)可能会产生一种与LBV到沃尔夫-拉叶演化非常相似的星周介质,但沃尔夫-拉叶周期要短得多。

英文摘要:

Van Marle et al. (2005) showed that circumstellar absorption lines in early Type Ib/c supernova and gamma-ray burst afterglow spectra may reveal the progenitor evolution of the exploding Wolf-Rayet star. While the quoted paper deals with Wolf-Rayet stars which evolved through a red supergiant stage, we investigate here the initially more massive Wolf-Rayet stars which are thought to evolve through a Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) stage. We perform hydrodynamic simulations of the evolution of the circumstellar medium around a 60 Msol star, from the main sequence through the LBV and Wolf-Rayet stages, up to core collapse. We then compute the column density of the circumstellar matter as a function of radial velocity, time and angle. This allows a comparison with the number and blue-shifts, of absorption components in the spectra of LBVs, Wolf-Rayet stars, Type Ib/c supernovae and gamma-ray burst afterglows. Our simulation for the post-LBV stage shows the formation of various absorption components, which are, however, rather short lived; they dissipate on time scales shorter than 50,000yr. As the LBV stage is thought to occur at the beginning of core helium burning, the remaining Wolf-Rayet life time is expected to be one order of magnitude larger. When interpreting the absorption components in the afterglow spectrum of GRB-021004 as circumstellar, it can be concluded that the progenitor of this source did most likely not evolve through an LBV stage. However, a close binary with late common-envelope phase (Case C) may produce a circumstellar medium that closely resembles the LBV to Wolf-Rayet evolution, but with a much shorter Wolf-Rayet period.

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