T. R. Cardoso, L. B. Castro, A. S. de Castro
The Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) equation with a square step potential is used in a simple way with polymorphic purposes. It proves adequate to refuse a proposed new current that is currently interpreted as a probability current,to show that the Klein paradox does exist in the DKP theory and to revise other minor misconceptions diffused in the literature.
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It is shown that the paper "Solutions of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation for a pseudoscalar potential step in (1+1) dimensions" by Abdelmalek Boumali has a number of misconceptions.
Two problems relative to the electromagnetic coupling of Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) theory are discussed: the presence of an anomalous term in the Hamiltonian form of the theory and the apparent difference between the Interaction terms in DKP and Klein-Gordon (KG) Lagrangians. For this, we first discuss the behavior of DKP field and its physical components under gauge transformations. From this analysis, we can show that these problems simply do not exist if one correctly analyses the physical components of DKP field.
It is shown that the Hamiltonian version of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory with electromagnetic coupling brings about a source term at the current. It is also shown that such a source term disappears from the scenario if one uses the correct physical form for the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau field, regardless the choice for representing the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau matrices. This result is used to fix the ambiguity in the electromagnetic coupling in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory. Moreover, some widespread misconceptions about the Hermiticity in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory are discussed.
Some properties of minimal and nonminimal vector interactions in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) formalism are discussed. The conservation of the total angular momentum for spherically symmetric nonminimal potentials is derived from its commutation properties with each term of the DKP equation and the proper boundary conditions on the spinors are imposed. It is shown that the space component of the nonminimal vector potential plays a crucial role for the confinement of bosons. The exact solutions for the vector DKP oscillator (nonminimal vector coupling with a linear potential which exhibits an…
Scalar and vector bosons in the background of one-dimensional nonminimal vector linear plus inversely linear potentials are explored in a unified way in the context of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory. The problem is mapped into a Sturm-Liouville problem with an effective singular oscillator. With boundary conditions emerging from the problem, exact bound-state solutions in the spin-0 sector are found in closed form and it is shown that the spectrum exhibits degeneracy. It is shown that, depending on the potential parameters, there may or may not exist bound-state solutions in the spin-1 sector…
The Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau formalism with vector and scalar potentials is used to point out a few misconceptions diffused in the literature. It is explicitly shown that the scalar coupling makes the DKP formalism not equivalent to the Klein-Gordon formalism or to the Proca formalism, and that the spin-1 sector of the DKP theory looks formally like the spin-0 sector. With proper boundary conditions, scattering of massive bosons in an arbitrary mixed vector-scalar square step potential is explored in a simple way and effects due to the scalar coupling on the particle-antiparticle production and lo…
Vector couplings in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory are revised. It is shown that minimal and nonminimal vector potentials behave differently under charge-conjugation and time-reversal transformations. In particular, it is shown that nonminimal vector potentials have been erroneously applied to the description of elastic meson-nucleus scatterings and that the space component of the nonminimal vector potential plays a crucial role for the confinement of bosons. The DKP equation with nonminimal vector linear potentials is mapped into the nonrelativistic harmonic oscillator problem and the behavi…
The problem of spin-0 and spin-1 bosons subject to a general mixing of minimal and nonminimal vector cusp potentials is explored in a unified way in the context of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory. Effects on the bound-state solutions due to a short-range interaction are discussed in some detail.
In this paper, the problem of a two-dimensional Duffin-Petiau-Kemmer (DKP) oscillator in the presence of a coulomb potential in the cosmic string background is solved. The eigensolutions of the problem in question have been found, and the influence of the cosmic string space-time on the eigenvalues has been analyzed.
A new oscillator model with different form of the non-minimal substitution within the framework of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation is offered. The model possesses exact solutions and a discrete spectrum of high degeneracy. The distinctive property of the proposed model is the lack of the spin-orbit interaction, being typical for other relativistic models with the non-minimal substitution, and the different value of the zero-point energy in comparison with that for the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau oscillator described in the literature.
In this paper we consider the scalar sector of Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory in the framework of Epstein-Glaser causal method. We calculate the lowest order distributions for Compton scattering, vacuum polarization, self-energy and vertex corrections. By requiring gauge invariance of the theory we recover, in a natural way, the scalar propagator of the usual effective theory.
The generalized Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation in curved space-time is proposed for non-minimal coupling to the curvature and external fields. The corresponding scalar and vector fields equation are found. Equations are presented, which are equivalent to those of a scalar field with conformal coupling and electromagnetic field with non-minimal coupling to the curvature. The gauge-invariant Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation with non-minimal coupling is given.
Scalar Quantum Electrodynamics is investigated in the Heisenberg picture via the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau gauge theory. On this framework, a perturbative method is used to compute the vacuum polarization tensor and its corresponding induced current for the case of a charged scalar field in the presence of an external electromagnetic field. Charge renormalization is brought into discussion for the interpretation of the results for the vacuum polarization.
Using the momentum space representation, we study the (2 +1)-dimensional Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau oscillator for spin 0 particle under a magnetic field in the presence of a minimal length in the noncommutative space. The explicit form of energy eigenvalues are found, the wave functions and the corresponding probability density are reported in terms of the Jacobi polynomials. Additionally, we also discuss the special cases and depict the corresponding numerical results.
In this work we analyze the generalization of Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation to the case of Riemannian space-times and show that the usual results for Klein-Gordon and Proca equations in Riemannian space-times can be fully recovered when one selects, respectively, the spin 0 and 1 sectors of Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory.
The problem of spin-0 and spin-1 bosons in the background of a general mixing of minimal and nonminimal vector inversely linear potentials is explored in a unified way in the context of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory. It is shown that spin-0 and spin-1 bosons behave effectively in the same way. An orthogonality criterion is set up and it is used to determine uniquely the set of solutions as well as to show that even-parity solutions do not exist.
We investigate the breaking of Lorentz symmetry caused by the inclusion of an external four-vector via a Chern-Simons-like term in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau Lagrangian for massless and massive spin-one fields. The resulting equations of motion lead to the appearance of birefringence, where the corresponding photons are split into two propagation modes. We discuss the gauge invariance of the extended Lagrangian. Throughout the paper, we utilize projection operators to reduce the wave-functions to their physical components, and we provide many new properties of these projection operators.
In the last years several papers addressed the supposed spin-1 sector of the massive Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) equation restricted to (1+1) space-time dimensions. In this note we show explicitly that this is a misleading approach, since the DKP algebra in (1+1) dimensions admits only a spin-0 representation. Our result also is useful to understand why several recent papers found coincident results for both spin-0 and spin-1 sectors of the DKP theory in (3+1) dimensions when the dynamics is restricted to one space dimension.
In this study, we investigated the influence of the topological defects space-time with a spiral dislocation on a spin-zero boson field by using the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) equation. To be more specific, we solved the generalized spin-zero DKP equation in the presence of a spiral dislocation exactly. We derived the wave function and corresponding energy eigenvalues for two cases, in the absence and presence of a static potential by using analytical methods. We numerically demonstrated the effect of the spiral dislocation on the solutions.
We show that the Klein-Gordon equation on the quaternion field is equivalent to a pair of DKP equations. We shall also prove that this pair of DKP equations can be taken back to a pair of new KG equations. We shall emphasize the important difference between the standard and the new KG equations. We also present some qualitative arguments, concerning the possibility of interpreting anomalous solution, within a quaternion quantum field theory.
Starting from Generating functional for Green Function (GF), constracted from Lagrangian action in Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) theory (L-approach) we strictly prove that the physical matrix elements of S-matrix in DKP and Klein-Gordon-Fock (KGF) theories coincide in cases of interaction spin O particles with external and quantized Maxwell and Yang-Mills fields and in case of external gravitational field (without or with torsion). For the proof we use reduction formulas of Lehmann Symanzik, Zimmermann (LSZ). We prove that many photons and Yang-Mills particles GF coincide in the both theories, to…
We point out a misleading treatment in the recent literature regarding analytical solutions for nonminimal vector interaction for spin-one particles in the context of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) formalism. In those papers, the authors use improperly the nonminimal vector interaction endangering in their main conclusions. We present a few properties of the nonminimal vector interactions and also present the correct equations to this problem. We show that the solution can be easily found by solving Schrödinger-like equations. As an application of this procedure, we consider spin-one particles…
The spin-one Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation revisited: analytical study of its structure and a careful choice of interaction
本文研究了非极小矢量相互作用下自旋1玻色子的Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau方程，解析探讨了多种唯象相互作用，并通过李代数方法深入分析了反常宇称态，明确了不同能态区域且不存在Klein佯谬。
Kalb-Ramond equations for massive and massless particles are considered in the framework of the Petiau-Duffin-Kemmer formalism. We obtain $10\times10$ matrices of the relativistic wave equation of the first-order and solutions in the form of density matrix. The canonical and Belinfante energy-momentum tensors are found. We investigate the scale invariance and obtain the conserved dilatation current. It was demonstrated that the conformal symmetry is broken even for massless fields.
A strict proof of equivalence between Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) and Klein-Gordon (KG) theories is presented for physical S-matrix elements in the case of charged scalar particles interacting in minimal way with an external or quantized electromagnetic field. First, Hamiltonian canonical approach to DKP theory is developed in both component and matrix form. The theory is then quantized through the construction of the generating functional for Green functions (GF) and the physical matrix elements of S-matrix are proved to be relativistic invariants. The equivalence between both theories is then…
In a very recent manuscript [arXiv:1403.6035], Castro and Oliveira have commented on our recently published paper [2]. Their main criticism is that we have used an improper nonminimal interaction term. Regarding their work, we wish to mention two points. 1. We have started the paper based on the work of Kozak et al. [3] which has successfully discussed the deuteron-nucleus scattering. 2. The second point is that we have used in our calculations \b{eta}0 and not (which preserves the current conservation). Therefore, the content of our work is correct.
Remarks on the ($2+1$)-dimensional Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau oscillator in an external magnetic field
本文重新审视了外磁场下($2+1$)维DKPO中自旋为$1$粒子的问题，证明文献中的$6\ imes6$表示可约化为$3\ imes3$不可约表示，进而发现以往研究的不足并展示了二维DKP理论在凝聚态系统中的应用。
We study the non-inertial effects of a rotating frame on a spin-zero, Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP)-like oscillator in a cosmic string space-time with non-commutative geometry in the momentum space. The spin-zero DKP-like oscillator is obtained from the Klein-Gordon Lagrangian with a non-standard prescription for the oscillator coupling. We find that the solutions of the time-independent radial equation with the non-zero non-commutativity parameter parallel to the string are related to the confluent hypergeometric function. We find the quantized energy eigenvalues of the non-commutative oscillato…
Field theory of massive and massless vector particles is considered in the first-order formalism. The Hamiltonian form of equations is obtained after the exclusion of non-dynamical components. We obtain the canonical and symmetrical Belinfante energy-momentum tensors and their nonzero traces. We note that the dilatation symmetry is broken in the massive case but in the massless case the modified dilatation current is conserved. The canonical quantization is performed and the propagator of the massive fields is found in the Duffin - Kemmer - Petiau formalism.
Generalized Weinberg-Tucker-Hammer equations in the Petiau-Duffin-Kemmer form
本文在Petiau-Duffin-Kemmer形式下研究广义Weinberg-Tucker-Hammer方程，获得矩阵并矢解、守恒流与能量-动量张量，完成正则量子化并求得传播子。
We show that the De Donder-Weyl (DW) covariant Hamiltonian field equations of any field can be written in Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) matrix form. As a consequence, the (modified) DKP beta-matrices (5 X 5 in four space-time dimensions) are of universal significance for all fields admitting the DW Hamiltonian formulation, not only for a scalar field, and can be viewed as field theoretic analogues of the symplectic matrix, leading to the so-called ``k-symplectic'' (k=4) structure. We also briefly discuss what could be viewed as the covariant Poisson bracket given by beta-matrices and the correspo…
We show that the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation, minimally coupled to an Abelian gauge field, can be regarded as a matrix equation for the gauge potential produced internally from the matter fields. This can be solved as a rational expression in terms of currents bilinear in the matter wavefunction, together with a similar expression for the field strength tensor, thus providing a gauge invariant formulation of the self-interacting DKP equations. We give the derivation of this result for the 5 component DKP system, by analogy with the Dirac equation case. To this end, we establish the algebraic…
Relativistic spin-0 Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation in Bonnor-Melvin-Lambda solution
本文在Bonnor-Melvin-Lambda磁时空中求解自旋-0 DKP方程及其振子形式，发现几何拓扑与宇宙学常数会显著影响本征值解。
It is shown that the generally covariant Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation, formulated in the frame of the Tetrode-Weyl-Fock-Ivanenko tetrad formalism, allows for a non-relativistic approximation if the metric tensor is of a special form. The Pauli equation for a vector particle involves the Riemann curvature tensor explicitly. In analogous way, the procedure of the non-relativistic approximation in the theory of scalar particle, charged and neutral, is investigated in the background of Riemannian space-time. A generalized covariant Schrodinger equation is derived when taking into account non-mini…
Generalized uncertainty principle puts forward the existence of the shortest distances and/or maximum momentum at the Planck scale for consideration. In this article, we investigate the solutions of a two-dimensional Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) oscillator within an external magnetic field in a minimal length (ML) scale. First, we obtain the eigensolutions in ordinary quantum mechanics. Then, we examine the DKP oscillator in the presence of an ML for the spin-zero and spin-one sectors. We determine an energy eigenvalue equation in both cases with the corresponding eigenfunctions in the non-relat…
On the electromagnetic interaction and the anomalous term in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory
本文针对 DKP 理论描述矢量介子电磁作用时 g=1 及反常项导致难解的问题，引入非最小耦合修正方程，得到正确的 g=2，并导出均匀磁场中的 Landau 能级。
The main goal of this work is to study systematically the quantum aspects of the interaction between scalar particles in the framework of Generalized Scalar Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau Electrodynamics (GSDKP). For this purpose the theory is quantized after a constraint analysis following Dirac's methodology by determining the Hamiltonian transition amplitude. In particular, the covariant transition amplitude is established in the generalized non-mixing Lorenz gauge. The complete Green's functions are obtained through functional methods and the theory's renormalizability is also detailed presented. Ne…
We revisit the (2+1)-dimensional DKP oscillator in an external magnetic field by means of 4x4 and 6x6 representations of the DKP field, thus obtaining several cases studied in the literature. We found an splitting in the frequency of the DKP oscillator according to the spin projection that arises as an interplay between the oscillator, the external field and the spin, from which the energies and the eigenfunctions are expressed in a unified way. For certain critical values of the magnetic field the oscillation in the components of spin projections -1 and 1 is cancelled. We study the thermodyna…
Antisymmetric tensor fields: actions, symmetries and first order Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau formulations
本文系统构造了描述反对称二阶张量场的所有Lagrangian，通过扩展Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau 10分量形式将其恢复为一阶系统，并分类了带电张量场的局部Lorentz不变势。
Generalized Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau oscillator under Aharonov-Bohm flux in topological defects backgrounds
本文利用非最小动量耦合与参数化 Nikiforov-Uvarov 方法，在宇宙弦和点状全局单极子背景中求解广义 DKP 振子，揭示拓扑缺陷与 Aharonov-Bohm 通量对能级、简并及持续电流的影响。
Within the framework of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) formalism a more consistent approach to the derivation of the third order wave equation obtained earlier by M. Nowakowski [Phys.Lett.A {\bf 244} (1998) 329] on the basis of heuristic considerations is suggested. For this purpose an additional algebraic object, the so-called $q$ - commutator ($q$ is a primitive cubic root of unity) and a new set of matrices $η_μ$ instead of the original matrices $β_μ$ of the DKP algebra are introduced. It is shown that in terms of these $η_μ$ matrices we have succeeded in reducing a procedure of the constru…
Scalar and vector bosons in a Bonnor-Melvin-$Λ$ spacetime: an exact Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau analysis
研究邦诺 - 梅尔文 - Λ时空中标量和矢量玻色子，借助梅泽瓦投影算符在全弯曲时空导出精确二阶方程，不依赖圆锥近似，得到各部分离散径向谱及本征函数，统一精确处理并补充先前分析，阐明背景几何结构作用。
Within the framework of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) formalism with a deformation, an approach to the construction of the path integral representation in parasuperspace for the Green's function of a spin-1 massive particle in external Maxwell's field is developed. For this purpose a connection between the deformed DKP-algebra and an extended system of the parafermion trilinear commutation relations for the creation and annihilation operators $a^{\pm}_{k}$ and for an additional operator $a_{0}$ obeying para-Fermi statistics of order 2 based on the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{so}(2M+2)$ is establis…
This paper is an immediate continuation of the first part of our paper [1]. Here, in a para-Grassmann algebra we introduce a noncommutative, associative star product $*$ (the Moyal product), which is a direct generalization of the star product in the algebra of Grassmann numbers. Isomorphism between the algebra of para-Grassmann numbers of order 2 equipped with the star product and with the algebra of creation and annihilation operators $a_{n}^{\pm}$ obeying the para-Fermi statistics of the same order is established. Two independent approaches to the calculation of the Moyal product $*$ are co…
A few properties of the nonminimal vector interactions in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory are revised. In particular, it is shown that the space component of the nonminimal vector interaction plays a peremptory role for confining bosons whereas its time component contributes to the leakage. Scattering in a square step potential with proper boundary conditions is used to show that Klein's paradox does not manifest in the case of a nonminimal vector coupling.
The dynamics of relativistic (scalar and vector) bosons through nonminimal vector square (well and barrier) potentials is studied in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) formalism. We show that the problem can be mapped in effective Schrodinger equations for a component of the DKP spinor. An oscillatory transmission coefficient is found and there is total reflection. Additionally, the energy spectrum of bound states is obtained and reveals the Schiff-Snyder-Weinberg effect, for specific conditions the potential lodges bound states of particles and antiparticles.
We solve the Duffin-Kemmer-Pétiau equation in the presence of a spatially one-dimensional symmetric potential well. We compute the scattering state solutions and we derive conditions for transmission resonances. The bound solutions are derived by a graphic study and the appearance of the antiparticle bound state is discussed.
The superradiance phenomenon in spin-one particles
该研究求解双曲正切势下自旋1粒子的DKP方程，证明其等价于克莱因-戈登方程形式，推导散射解并计算反射、透射系数，证实势场特定区域反射系数大于1时存在超辐射现象。
I start from the Bargmann-Wigner equations and introduce an interaction in the form which is similar to a $j=1/2$ case [M. Moshinsky & A. Szczepaniak, {\it J. Phys. A}{\bf 22} (1989) L817]. By means of the expansion of the wave function in the complete set of $γ$- matrices one can obtain the equations for a system which could be named as the $j=0$ Kemmer-Dirac oscillator. The equations for the components $ϕ_1$ and $ϕ_2$ are different from the ones obtained by Y. Nedjadi & R. Barrett for the $j=0$ Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau oscillator [{\it J. Phys. A} {\bf 27} (1994) 4301]. This fact leads to the di…
In this paper, we investigate the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) equation for spin-zero system of charge-free particles in the background of a flat class of Gödel-type space-times, and evaluate the individual energy levels and corresponding wave-functions, in details.
The thermodynamical partition function of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory is evaluated using the imaginary-time formalism of quantum field theory at finite temperature and path integral methods. The DKP partition function displays two features: (i) full equivalence with the partition function for charged scalar particles and charged massive spin 1 particles; and (ii) the zero mode sector which is essential to reproduce the well-known relativistic Bose-Einstein condensation for both theories.
With the use of the general covariant matrix 10-dimensional Petiau -- Duffin -- Kemmer formalism in cylindrical coordinates and tetrad there are constructed exact solutions of the quantum-mechanical equation for a particle with spin 1 in presence of an external homogeneous magnetic field. There are separated three linearly independent types of solutions; in each case the formula for energy levels has been found.
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