Quark coalescence models have been applied successfully to reproduce measured hadron production data in relativistic heavy ion collisions at SPS and RHIC energies, which finding strongly supports the formation of deconfined quark matter in these collisions. The investigation of meson and baryon production is an ideal tool to understand dynamical details of hadronization, especially strange hadron numbers and ratios. We display latest results on the production of strange particles in quark coalescence processes in heavy ion collisions at different collider energies.
A new dynamical approach that combines covariant parton transport theory with hadronization channels via parton coalescence and fragmentation is applied to Au+Au at RHIC. Basic consequences of the simple coalescence formulas, such as elliptic flow scaling and enhanced proton/pion ratio, turn out to be rather sensitive to the spacetime aspects of coalescence dynamics.
We review the application and successes of a phase-space coalescence plus fragmentation model that has been applied for hadronization at RHIC. The physical concept is discussed together with the practical implementation. The robustness of main predictions is reviewed together with several open issues like relevance of three dimensional calculation, finite width of the wave functions, effects of quark masses, energy-entropy conservation, space-momentum correlation. Eventually the relevance of coalescence also for the study of the microscopic interaction of heavy quarks is highlighted.
The hydrodynamic model is used to describe the single-particle spectra and elliptic flow of hadrons at RHIC and to predict the emission angle dependence of HBT correlations at RHIC and LHC energies.
Transverse momentum spectra of pions, protons and antiprotons in Au+Au collisions at intermediate RHIC energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=62$ GeV are studied in a model that includes both quark coalescence from the dense partonic matter and fragmentation of the quenched perturbative minijet partons. The resulting baryon to meson ratio at intermediate transverse momenta is predicted to be larger than that seen in experiments at higher center of mass energies.
Recent experimental data support the presence of quark coalescence in heavy ion collisions at RHIC energies. Hadronization of quark matter and hadron formation in heavy ion collisions can be described by the coalescence process, and measured data are reproduced successfully. On the other hand, the theoretical coalescence calculations are based on a non-relativistic description. Here we investigate the robustness of the coalescence description, using different wave-function overlap during hadron formation.
We investigate strange quark production in Au-Au collisions at RHIC in the framework of the Parton Cascade Model(PCM). The yields of (anti-) strange quarks for three production scenarios -- primary-primary scattering, full scattering, and full production -- are compared to a proton-proton baseline. Enhancement of strange quark yields in central Au-Au collisions compared to scaled p-p collisions increases with the number of secondary interactions. The centrality dependence of strangeness production for the three production scenarios is studied as well. For all production mechanisms, the strange…
We evaluate strangeness produced in Au--Au interactions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV, as function of reaction participant number $A$, and obtain the relative strange quark content at hadronization. Strange baryon and antibaryon rapidity density yields are studied, relative to, and as function of, participant number, and produced hadron yields.
Robust statistical observables can be used to extract the novel isospin fluctuations from background contributions in K-short K-plus measurements in nuclear collisions. To illustrate how this can be done, we present new HIJING and UrQMD computations of these observables.
The properties of $K^+$ and $K^-$ mesons are studied in nuclear reactions from SIS to RHIC energies within the covariant transport approach HSD in comparison to the experimental data whenever available. Whereas kaon abundancies and spectra indicate little repulsive or vanishing selfenergies in the medium, antikaons are found to experience strong attractive potentials in nucleus-nucleus collisions at SIS energies. However, even when including these potentials the $K^+$ and $K^-$ spectra at AGS energies are noticeably underestimated showing an experimental excess of strangeness that points towar…
Using the (2+1)-dimensional ultrarelativistic viscous hydrodynamics+hadron cascade, VISHNU, hybrid model, we study the $p_{\rm T}$-spectra and elliptic flow of $Λ$, $Ξ$, and $Ω$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV and in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=2.76 TeV. Comparing our model results with the data measurements, we find that the VISHNU model gives general descriptions of the measurements of these strange and multi-strange hadrons at several centrality classes at RHIC and LHC. Mass ordering of elliptic flow $v_{2}$ among $π$, $K$, $p$, $Λ$, $Ξ$, and $Ω$ are further investiga…
Based on A Multi-Phase Transport model, the elliptic flow $v_{2}$ of $ϕ$ mesons which is reconstructed from $K^{+}K^{-}$ at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energy has been studied. The results show that reconstructed $v_{2}$ of $ϕ$ meson can keep the earlier information before $ϕ$ decays and it seems to obey the number of constituent quark scaling as other mesons and baryons. This result indicates that the $ϕ$ $v_2$ mostly reflects the parton level collectivity developed during the early stage of the collisions and the strange and light up/down quarks have similar collectivity prope…
From covariant transport theory, a significant ~10% light quark elliptic flow at RHIC implies an elliptic flow of similar magnitude for charm quarks, at moderately large pT > 2.5 - 3 GeV. At lower transverse momenta, charm quark elliptic flow reduces progressively, reminiscent of the mass ordering pattern in ideal hydrodynamics. From the quark flows we predict the elliptic flow of D mesons at RHIC via quark coalescence. The large parton opacities needed to generate the light quark flow also lead to substantial ~40-50% secondary charm production.
Coalescence of minijet partons with the partons from the quark-gluon plasma formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions is suggested as the mechanism for production of hadrons with intermediate transverse momentum. The resulting enhanced antiproton and pion yields at intermediate transverse momentum gives a plausible explanation for the observed large antiproton to pion ratio. With further increasing momentum, the ratio is predicted to decrease and approach the small value given by independent fragmentations of minijet partons after their energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma.
We investigate the coalescence factors $B_2$ and $B_3$ at low collision energies ($\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}<6$ GeV) with special focus on the HADES and RHIC-BES experiments. It is shown that, in order to properly interpret the coalescence factors $B_A$, two important corrections are necessary: I) $B_2$ has to be calculated using the proton $\times$ neutron yields in the denominator, instead of the square of the proton yield, and II) the primordial proton (neutron) densities have to be used for the normalization and not the final state (free) protons (neutrons). Both effects lead to a drastic reduc…
The parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE based on PYTHIA was utilized to systematically investigate the strange particle production in pp collisions at the RHIC and LHC energies. Taking the mechanism of reduction of the strange quark suppression into account the STAR and ALICE data of strange particle production in pp collisions are well reproduced. It turned out that the K/π ratio as a function of reaction energy in pp collisions shows slightly increasing from sqrt(s)=0.2 to 0.9 TeV and then turning to saturation.
We compute the mid-rapidity densities of pions, kaons, baryons and antibaryons in $Au$-$Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 130 GeV in the Dual Parton Model supplemented with final state interaction (comovers interaction). The ratios $B/n_{part}$ ($\bar{B}/n_{part}$) increase between peripheral ($n_{part} = 18$) and central ($n_{part} = 350)$ collisions by a factor 2.4 (2.0) for $Λ$'s, 4.8 (4.1) for $Ξ$'s and 16.5 (13.5) for $Ω$'s. The ratio $K^-/π^-$ increases by a factor 1.3 in the same centrality range. A comparison with available data is presented.
We study, in the dynamically evolving QGP fireball formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC, the growth of strangeness yield toward and beyond the chemical equilibrium. We account for the contribution of the direct strangeness production and evaluate the thermal-QCD strangeness production mechanisms. The specific yield of strangeness per entropy, s/S, is the primary target variable. We explore the effect of collision impact parameter, i.e., fireball size, on kinetic strangeness chemical equilibration in QGP. Insights gained in study the RHIC data with regard to the dynamics …
The properties of strange pseudoscalar and vectors mesons as well as strange baryon resonances in dense matter are reviewed. Some open questions on the properties of strange hadrons in medium are addressed, such as the experimental signatures of in-medium effects coming from the hadronic phase on the final observables in heavy-ion collisions for the experimental conditions at SIS, RHIC and LHC energies.
We determine chemical freeze-out conditions from strangeness observables measured at RHIC beam energies. Based on a combined analysis of lowest-order net-Kaon fluctuations and strange anti-baryon over baryon yield ratios we obtain visibly enhanced freeze-out conditions at high beam energies compared to previous studies which analyzed net-proton and net-charge fluctuations. Our findings are in qualitative agreement with the recent study [1] which utilizes the net-Kaon fluctuation data in combination with information from lattice QCD. Our complimentary approach shows that also strange hadron yie…
The parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE is used to investigate strange particle production in Au + Au collisions at GeV in different centralities and at 39, 11.5 and 7.7 GeV in the most central collision, respectively. It is shown that the transverse momentum distributions of strange particles by the PACIAE model fit the RHIC Beam Energy Scan experimental results well.
PACIAE, a parton and hadron cascade model, is utilized to systematically investigate strange particle production and strangeness enhancement in Au+Au collision and in Pb+Pb collision with the 200GeV at RHIC and 2.76TeV at LHC, respectively. The experimental results at different centrality, which come from the STAR collaboration and the ALICE collaboration, are well described by the PACIAE model. This may represent the importance of the parton and hadron rescatterings, as well as the reduction mechanism of strange quark suppression, added in the PACIAE model.
Strange particle ratios and pT-spectra are calculated in a thermal model with single freeze-out, previously used successfully to describe non-strange particle production at RHIC. The model and the recently released data for phi, Lambda, anti-Lambda, and K*(892) are in very satisfactory agreement, showing that the thermal approach can be used to describe the strangeness production at RHIC.
Global strangeness production in relativistic heavy ion collisions at SPS and RHIC is reviewed. Special emphasis is put on the comparison with the statistical model and the canonical suppression mechanism. It is shown that recent RHIC data on strange particle production as a function of centrality can be explained by a superposition of a fully equilibrated hadron gas and particle emission from single independent nucleon-nucleon collisions in the outer corona.
We investigate the effect of chemical freeze-out on identified particle spectra at 200AGeV Au-Au Collisions at RHIC, by utilizing a full three-dimensional hydrodynamical calculation. The hydrodynamical code SPheRIO we employed is based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamic algorithm. In order to describe the spectra of strange hadrons, the code has been further improved by explicitly incorporating the strangeness conservation and a chemical freeze-out mechanism. In our model, strange hadrons such as Lambda, Xi, Omega and phi undergo the chemical freeze-out immediately after the hadronization, …
The influence of spacetime dynamics in hadronization via parton coalescence at RHIC is investigated using covariant parton transport theory. Key observables, the quark number scaling of elliptic flow and the enhancement of the p/pi ratio, show strong dynamical effects and differ from earlier results based on the simple coalescence formulas.
Using a covariant coalescence model, we study hadron production in relativistic heavy ion collisions from both soft partons in the quark-gluon plasma and hard partons in minijets. Including transverse flow of soft partons and independent fragmentation of minijet partons, the model is able to describe available experimental data on pion, kaon, and antiproton spectra. The resulting antiproton to pion ratio is seen to increase at low transverse momenta and reaches a value of about one at intermediate transverse momenta, as observed in experimental data at RHIC. A similar dependence of the antikao…
The production rate of negative parity baryons was found to be much weaker than that of positive states in RHIC experiments. In the present paper we show that this suppression is a simple consequence of the coalescence dynamics of hadronization.
We show that hadronization via quark coalescence enhances hadron elliptic flow at large pT relative to that of partons at the same transverse momentum. Therefore, compared to earlier results based on covariant parton transport theory, more moderate initial parton densities dN/dη(b=0) ~ 1500-3000 can explain the differential elliptic flow v_2(pT) data for Au+Au reactions at s^1/2=130 and 200 AGeV from RHIC. In addition, v2(pT) could saturate at about 50% higher values for baryons than for mesons. If strange quarks have weaker flow than light quarks, hadron v_2 at high pT decreases with relative…
We study (anti)deuteron formation rates in heavy-ion collisions in the framework of a wave-function based coalescence model. The main feature of our model is that nucleons are emitted from the whole spherically symmetric fireball volume, while antinucleons are emitted only from a spherical shell close to the surface. In this way, the model accounts for nucleon-antinucleon annihilations in the center of the reaction at lower beam energies. Comparison with experimental data on the coalescence parameter in the range $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 4.7-200$ GeV allows us to extract radii of the respective source …
The large and saturating differential elliptic flow v2(pT) observed in Au+Au reactions at RHIC so far could only be explained assuming an order of magnitude denser initial parton system than estimated from perturbative QCD. Hadronization via parton coalescence can resolve this ``opacity puzzle'' because it enhances hadron elliptic flow at large pT relative to that of partons at the same transverse momentum. An experimentally testable consequence of the coalescence scenario is that v2(pT) saturates at about 50% higher values for baryons than for mesons. In addition, if strange quarks have weake…
Based on the phase-space information obtained from a multi-phase transport model within the string melting scenario for strange and antistrange quarks, we study the yields and transverse momentum spectra of $ϕ$ mesons and $Ω$ ($Ω^{-}+\barΩ^{+}$) baryons as well as their anisotropic flows in Au+Au collisions at RHIC using a dynamical quark coalescence model that includes the effect due to quark phase-space distributions inside hadrons. With current quark masses and fixing the $ϕ$ and $Ω$ radii from fitting measured yields, we first study the ratio of the yield of $Ω$ baryons to that of $ϕ$ meso…
We have estimated centrality variation of chemical freeze-out parameters from yield data at mid-rapidity of $π^\pm$, $K^\pm$ and $p$, $\bar{p}$ for collision energies of RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider), Beam Energy Scan (RHIC-BES) program, and LHC (Large Hadron Collider). We have considered a simple hadron resonance gas model and employed a formalism involving conserved charges ($B, Q, S$) of QCD for parameterization. Along with temperature and three chemical potentials ($T,μ_B,μ_Q,μ_S$), a strangeness under-saturation factor ($γ_S$) has been used to incorporate the partial equilibratio…
New experimental data on transverse momentum spectra of strange particles (KS0, K-, K*, phi,...) produced in pp collisions at sqrt s = 200 GeV obtained by the STAR and PHENIX collaborations at RHIC are analysed in the framework of z-scaling approach. Scaling properties of the data z-presentation are illustrated. Self-similarity of strange particle production is discussed. A microscopic scenario of constituent interactions developed within the z-scaling approach is used to study constituent energy loss, proton momentum fraction and recoil mass in dependence on the transverse momentum, strangene…
We show that particle species dependence of enhanced hadron production at intermediate transverse momentum (p_{T}) for d+Au collisions at RHIC can be understood in terms of the hadronic rescatterings in the final state. A multiphase transport model (AMPT) with two different hadronization mechanisms: string fragmentation or parton coalescence, is used in our study. When the hadrons are formed from string fragmentation, the subsequent hadronic rescatterings will result in particle mass dependence of nuclear modification factor R_{CP}, which is consistent with the present experimental data. On th…
Based on the quark coalescence model, we derive relations among the momentum anisotropies of mesons and baryons in relativistic heavy ion collisions from a given, but arbitrary azimuthal distribution for the partons. Besides the familiar even Fourier coefficients such as the elliptic flow, we also pay attention to odd Fourier coefficients such as the directed flow, which has been observed at finite rapidity even at RHIC energies.
We show that either mass ordering or quark number scaling of anisotropic flow can result from quark coalescence, depending on the nature of phase space correlations at hadronization. Quark number scaling signals nonequilibrium dynamics because it can only appear when hydrodynamic correlations break down. However, the scaling does not hold for all nonthermal distributions, and is compatible with covariant transport theory only if remarkable cancellations occur at RHIC.
A study of elliptic flow of open charm mesons, $D^0$ and $D_S ^\pm$ using quark coalescence as a mechanism of hadronization of heavy quarks implemented in conjunction with A Multi Phase Transport (AMPT) model has been presented. We have studied the transverse momentum dependence of the elliptic flow parameter at mid-rapidity ($|y|$ $<$ 1.0) for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV (RHIC) and Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV (LHC) for different values of partonic interaction cross-section and QCD coupling constant. We have compared our calculations with the experimentally…
The production and freeze-out conditions of strange particles, produced in Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies, are studied within microscopic transport model. The system of final particles can be represented as a core, containing the particles which are still interacting with each other, and a halo, in which the particles have already decoupled from the system. In microscopic calculations hadrons are continuously emitted from the whole reaction volume. At RHIC, however, significant fractions of both mesons and baryons are emitted from the surface region within the first two fm/c. Different spec…
Thermal model fit indicates early chemical freeze-out of multi-strange hadrons with small collective velocities at 200AGeV Au-Au collisions at RHIC. In this work, we present our recent results by SPheRIO hydrodynamical calculations inspired by this picture. In our model, multi-strange hadrons go through chemical freeze-out when the system reaches some temperature close to the phase transition, stopping to make inelastic collisions, and their abundances are therefore determined only by partonic EOS. At a lower temperature thermal freeze-out takes place where elastic collisions are brought to a …
We review hadron formation from a deconfined quark gluon plasma (QGP) via coalescence or recombination of quarks and gluons. We discuss the abundant experimental evidence for coalescence from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and compare the various coalescence models advocated in the literature. We comment on the underlying assumptions and remaining challenges as well as the merits of the models. We conclude with a discussion of some recent developments in the field.
We will report centrality dependence of chemical freeze-out temperature ($T_{ch}$), light quark chemical potential ($μ_{q}$), strange quark chemical potential ($μ_{s}$), and strangeness saturation factor ($γ_{s}$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 and 200 GeV. A systematic study for combination of ratios for chemical freeze-out fit is studied and we have found small ombination dependences. The results show $γ_{s}$ increasing with centrality but the other parameters have less sensitivity to the centralities.
We study the production of charm mesons and other charm baryons from quark matter at CERN SPS and RHIC energies. Using quark coalescence models as hadronization mechanism, we predict particle ratios, absolute yields and transverse momentum spectra.
We systematically compare an event-by-event transport+viscous hydrodynamics hybrid model to data from the RHIC beam energy scan using a general Bayesian method. We demonstrate how the inclusion of multistrange hadron observables affects the outcome of the Bayesian analysis and conduct an in depth analysis of the viability of $ϕ$ and $Ω$ as probes of the transition region between a deconfined quark-gluon plasma and hadronic phase in heavy ion collisions at higher-end RHIC collision energies. Utilizing UrQMD to model the final hadronic interactions, we examine the collision rates of $ϕ$ and $Ω$ …
Using the moments of the net-kaon distribution calculated within a state of-the-art hadron resonance gas model compared to experimental data from STAR's Beam Energy Scan, we find that the extracted strange freeze-out temperature is incompatible with the light one extracted from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations. Additionally predictions for net-$Lambda$ fluctuations are made that also appear to be consistent with a higher freeze-out temperature for strange particles. This strangeness freeze-out temperature is roughly $10-15$ MeV higher than the corresponding light freeze-out temperature. …
Anisotropic flow of K's, anti-K's, and lambdas is studied in heavy ion collisions at SPS and RHIC energies within the microscopic quark-gluon string model. At SPS energy the directed flow of kaons differs considerably at midrapidity from that of antikaons, while at RHIC energy kaon and antikaon flows coincide. The change is attributed to formation of dense meson-dominated matter at RHIC, where the differences in interaction cross-sections of hadrons become unimportant. The directed flows of strange particles, $v_1^{K,\bar{K}, Λ}(y)$, have universal negative slope at $|y| \leq 2$ at RHIC. The e…
We make predictions for the kaon interferometry measurements in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). A first order phase transition from a thermalized Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) to a gas of hadrons is assumed for the transport calculations. The fraction of kaons that are directly emitted from the phase boundary is considerably enhanced at large transverse momenta K_T ~ 1 GeV/c. In this kinematic region, the sensitivity of the R_out/R_side ratio to the QGP-properties is enlarged. Here, the results of the 1-dimensional correlation analysis are presented. The extracted in…
In a coalescence plus independent fragmentation approach we calculate the $p_T$ spectra of the main hadrons: $π, K, p, \bar p, Λ, ϕ$ in a wide range of transverse momentum from low $p_T$ up to about 10 GeV. The approach in its main features was developed several years ago at RHIC energy. Augmenting the model with the inclusion of some more main resonance decays, we show that the approach correctly predicts the evolution of the $p_T$ spectra from RHIC to LHC energy and in particular the baryon-to-meson ratios $p/π,\bar p/π,Λ/K$ that reach a value of the order of unit at $p_T \sim 3\, \rm GeV$. …
With the kinetic freeze-out nucleons and antinucleons obtained from the quark combination model, we study the production of light nuclei and antinuclei in the (anti-)nucleon coalescence mechanism in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We derive analytic formulas of the momentum distributions of different light nuclei and apply them to compute transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of (anti-)deuterons ($d$, $\bar d$) and (anti-)tritons ($t$, $\bar t$) in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 54.4 GeV. We find that the experimental data available for these $p_T$ spectra can be…
Strangeness production in microscopic transport models for relativistic heavy-ion collisions from SIS to RHIC is reviewed: after a brief introduction into elementary strangeness production processes, the main emphasis is put on strangeness as indicator of the nuclear equation of state, the excitation function of the $K^+/π^+$ ratio and strangeness as a deconfinement indicator.
Strange particles have been a very important observable in the search for a deconfined state of strongly interacting matter, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), which is expected to be formed in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. We review the main experimental observations made at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN, Geneva, and at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The large amount of recently collected data allows for a comprehensive study of strangeness production as a function of energy and system size. We review results on yields, t…
Five groups have made predictions involving the production of strange hadrons and entered them in a competition set up by Barbara Jacak, Xin-Nian Wang and myself in the spring of 1998 for the purpose of comparing to first year physics results from RHIC. These predictions are summarized and evaluated.
Production probabilities for strange clusters and strange matter in Au+Au collisions at AGS energy are obtained in the thermal fireball model. The only parameters of the model, the baryon chemical potential and temperature, were determined from a description of the rather complete set of hadron yields from Si+nucleus collisions at the AGS. For the production of light nuclear fragments and strange clusters the results are similar to recent coalescence model calculations. Strange matter production with baryon number larger than 10 is predicted to be much smaller than any current experimental sen…
We study effects of the hadronic rescattering on final observables especially for multi-strange hadrons such as $ϕ$, $Ξ$ and $Ω$ in high-energy heavy-ion collisions within an integrated dynamical approach. In this approach, (3+1)-dimensional ideal hydrodynamics is combined with a microscopic transport model, JAM. We simulate the collisions with or without hadronic rescatterings and compare observables between these two options so that we quantify the effects of the hadronic rescattering. We find that the mean transverse momentum and the elliptic flow parameter of multi-strange hadrons are less…
We investigate the effects of strong color fields and of the associated enhanced intrinsic transverse momenta on the phi-meson production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC. The observed consequences include a change of the spectral slopes, varying particle ratios, and also modified mean transverse momenta. In particular, the composition of the production processes of phi mesons, that is, direct production vs. coalescence-like production, depends strongly on the strength of the color fields and intrinsic transverse momenta and thus represents a sensitive probe for their measurem…
The experimental data on hadron yields and ratios in central Pb+Pb and Au+Au collisions at SPS and RHIC energies, respectively, are analysed within a two-source statistical model of an ideal hadron gas. These two sources represent the expanding system of colliding heavy ions, where the hot central fireball is embedded in a larger but cooler fireball. The volume of the central source increases with rising bombarding energy. Results of the two-source model fit to RHIC experimental data at midrapidity coincide with the results of the one-source thermal model fit, indicating the formation of an ex…
The transverse-momentum spectra and elliptic flow of strange particles are calculated in the framework of the single-freeze-out model and compared with the recent RHIC data. An overall very good agreement between the model predictions and the data is obtained.
In this paper, we investigate the kinetic freeze-out properties in relativistic heavy ion collisions at different collision energies. We present a study of standard Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast-Wave (BGBW) fits and Tsallis Blast-Wave (TBW) fits performed on the transverse momentum spectra of identified hadrons produced in Au + Au collisions at collision energies of $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=$ 7.7 - 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), and in Pb + Pb collisions at collision energies of $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=$ 2.76 and 5.02 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The behavior of strange and m…
