用于大规模量子计算的具有相位菲涅耳透镜的可缩放的高效离子-光子耦合
Scalable, efficient ion-photon coupling with phase Fresnel lenses for large-scale quantum computing
摘要：
有效的离子-光子耦合是大规模离子阱量子计算的重要组成部分。我们提出相位菲涅尔透镜阵列是一种与多区离子阱相匹配的良好的光耦合技术。两者都是基于传统微制造技术的可扩展技术。PFL可能的大数值孔径（NA）可以减少离子量子位的读出时间。PFL还通过将大部分离子的发射图案与单个光学传播模式（TEM 00）匹配来提供良好的相干离子-光子耦合。为此，我们已经光学特性的大数值孔径相位菲涅尔透镜（NA=0.64）设计用于在369.5 nm，Yb+离子的主要荧光检测过渡。使用该PFL测量了衍射极限光斑w 0 =350+/-15 nm（1/e^2腰），模式质量M^2= 1.08+/-0.05。由此，我们估计最小预期的自由空间相干离子-光子耦合为0.64%，这是使用传统的多元件透镜的最佳先前实验测量的两倍。我们还评估了两种提高离子态和光子偏振态之间纠缠保真度的大数值孔径透镜技术。
英文摘要：
Efficient ion-photon coupling is an important component for large-scale ion-trap quantum computing. We propose that arrays of phase Fresnel lenses (PFLs) are a favorable optical coupling technology to match with multi-zone ion traps. Both are scalable technologies based on conventional micro-fabrication techniques. The large numerical apertures (NAs) possible with PFLs can reduce the readout time for ion qubits. PFLs also provide good coherent ion-photon coupling by matching a large fraction of an ion's emission pattern to a single optical propagation mode (TEM00). To this end we have optically characterized a large numerical aperture phase Fresnel lens (NA=0.64) designed for use at 369.5 nm, the principal fluorescence detection transition for Yb+ ions. A diffraction-limited spot w0=350+/-15 nm (1/e^2 waist) with mode quality M^2= 1.08+/-0.05 was measured with this PFL. From this we estimate the minimum expected free space coherent ion-photon coupling to be 0.64%, which is twice the best previous experimental measurement using a conventional multi-element lens. We also evaluate two techniques for improving the entanglement fidelity between the ion state and photon polarization with large numerical aperture lenses.
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