Superluminal tunneling of microwaves in smoothly varying transmission lines

基于波粒二象性的超光速现象解释及拟议光学实验

Explanation of Superluminal Phenomena Based on Wave-Particle Duality and Proposed Optical Experiments

基于光子波粒二象性解释超光速现象，指出超光速仅发生在相干长度内且不违反因果律，并提议光学实验验证。

Do single photons tunnel faster than light?

Experiments done in the early 1990's produced a surprising result: that single photons pass through a photonic tunnel barrier with a group velocity faster than the vacuum speed of light. Subsequent experiments with classical pulses have also revealed apparent superluminal group velocities as well as tunneling times that saturate with barrier length, a phenomenon known as the Hartman effect. In this paper we show that the measured delays are in fact cavity lifetimes as opposed to transit times. This interpretation resolves the Hartman paradox and shows that tunneling is not superluminal as wide…

时空折射的时空波包

Space-time refraction of space-time wave packets

本文提出了一种时空折射理论，用于控制具有超光速群速度的结构化波在动态介质中的传播特性。

A homage to E.C.G.Sudarshan: Superluminal objects and waves (An updated overview of the relevant experiments)

This writing has been prepared on the occasion of the 75th birthday of E.C.George Sudarshan, who (besides the originator of the V-A theory for weak-forces, of quantum optics --the quantum representation of coherent light--, of dynamical maps for open quantum systems, of the Zeno effect, etc.) was a pioneer, already in the sisties, also of the theory of the so-called "tachyons". This paper wishes to be a homage to E.C.G.Sudarshan, in connection with the last-mentioned pioneering work of his. After a brief theoretical introduction (based on the standard postulates of Special Relativity, and ther…

On the Localized superluminal Solutions to the Maxwell Equations

In the first part of this article the various experimental sectors of physics in which Superluminal motions seem to appear are briefly mentioned, after a sketchy theoretical introduction. In particular, a panoramic view is presented of the experiments with evanescent waves (and/or tunneling photons), and with the "Localized superluminal Solutions" (SLS) to the wave equation, like the so-called X-shaped waves. In the second part of this paper we present a series of new SLSs to the Maxwell equations, suitable for arbitrary frequencies and arbitrary bandwidths: some of them being endowed with fin…

About Superluminal motions and Special Relativity: A Discussion of some recent Experiments, and the solution of the Causal Paradoxes

Some experiments, performed at Berkeley, Cologne, Florence, Vienna, Orsay, Rennes, etc., led to the claim that something seems to travel with a group velocity larger than the speed c of light in vacuum. Various other experimental results seem to point in the same direction: For instance, localized wavelet- type solutions to Maxwell equations have been found, both theoretically and experimentally, that travel with superluminal speed. [Even muonic and electronic neutrinos [it has been proposed] might be "tachyons", since their square mass appears to be negative]. With regard to the first-mention…

波的隧穿逃逸

Tunneling escape of waves

本研究揭示波的隧穿逃逸机制，解释了有限体积内有效正交波通道数量有限及超量后耦合强度骤降的原因，给出耦合良好通道的精确约束，适用于多尺度波系统并可确定任意体积的衍射极限。

Wave propagation in highly inhomogeneous thin films : exactly solvable models

We present an exact treatment of wave propagation in some inhomogeneous thin films with highly space-dependent dielectric constant. It is based on a space transformation which replaces the physical space by the optical path. In the new space, the dispersion equation is that of a normal progressive wave. We will show that the dispersion properties of such films are plasma- or waveguide-like, the characteristic frequency being determined by the spatial characteristics of the dielectric constant's variations only. The theory is scalable, so that it can be applied in any wavelength range : optical…

Localized Waves: A scientific and historical introduction

In the first part of this paper (mainly a review) we present general and formal (simple) introductions to the ordinary gaussian waves and to the Bessel waves, by explicitly separating the cases of the beams from the cases of the pulses; and, finally, an analogous introduction is presented for the Localized Waves (LW), pulses or beams. Always we stress the very different characteristics of the gaussian with respect to the Bessel waves and to the LWs, showing the numerous and important properties of the latter w.r.t. the former ones: Properties that may find application in all fields in which an…