奥尔特云彗星的注入：恒星扰动的基本作用
Injection of Oort Cloud Comets: The Fundamental Role of Stellar Perturbations
摘要：
我们目前的蒙特卡罗模拟的奥尔特云的动力学演化的年龄的太阳系，使用的初始样本的100万颗测试彗星没有任何克隆。我们的模型包括扰动由于银河潮汐（径向和垂直）和通过恒星。我们提出了第一个详细的分析注入机制到可观测的轨道比较完整的模型与单独的模型潮汐和恒星扰动。我们发现恒星摄动对彗星从损失锥外区域（近日点距离q > 15 AU）进入可观测轨道（q < 5 AU）起着重要作用。这些与潮汐协同作用，使得总注射速率显著大于两个单独速率的总和。这种协同作用在彗星阵雨期间和在静止期间一样重要，并且涉及具有小和大半长轴的彗星。我们提出了不同的动力学机制来解释奥尔特云内部和外部的协同作用。我们发现，在现今太阳系的正常条件下，损失锥的可观测部分的填充从a = 100 000 AU的<1%上升< 20 000 AU to about 100 % for a >。
英文摘要：
We present Monte Carlo simulations of the dynamical evolution of the Oort cloud over the age of the Solar System, using an initial sample of one million test comets without any cloning. Our model includes perturbations due to the Galactic tide (radial and vertical) and passing stars. We present the first detailed analysis of the injection mechanism into observable orbits by comparing the complete model with separate models for tidal and stellar perturbations alone. We find that a fundamental role for injecting comets from the region outside the loss cone (perihelion distance q > 15 AU) into observable orbits (q < 5 AU) is played by stellar perturbations. These act in synergy with the tide such that the total injection rate is significantly larger than the sum of the two separate rates. This synergy is as important during comet showers as during quiescent periods and concerns comets with both small and large semi-major axes. We propose different dynamical mechanisms to explain the synergies in the inner and outer parts of the Oort Cloud. We find that the filling of the observable part of the loss cone under normal conditions in the present-day Solar System rises from <1 % for a < 20 000 AU to about 100 % for a >= 100 000 AU.
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