能源现实政治：迈向可持续能源战略
Energy Realpolitik: Towards a Sustainable Energy Strategy
摘要：
为了发展可持续的能源经济，迫切需要一个基于现有技术、生态、经济和地缘政治现实的长期战略，该战略的设计应适应这些方面的任何不可预测的变化。虽然只有高度多样化的能源组合和保护才能最终保证最佳的可持续性，但根据对目前一次能源生产方法的比较，有人认为，未来的能源战略必须在很大程度上依赖扩大的煤炭和核能部门。对化石燃料、可再生能源和核技术的相对潜力、优点和风险的比较表明，技术的平衡应该转向有利于新一代安全的核发电方法，而清洁煤电厂应该被分配给运输燃料。新的核技术利用铀和钍的裂变作为主要能源，使用快谱和嬗变（燃烧器）反应堆。封闭式燃料循环和废物嬗变解决了与核能有关的战略问题。创新的反应堆设计在亚临界加速器驱动系统或熔盐反应堆中利用重金属的空间。进口和重建已经丧失的技术专长，避免进一步流失，是任何成功的能源战略的先决条件。应寻求研究机会，完善创新的核能、煤炭和可再生能源技术。
英文摘要：
A long-term strategy based on existing technological, ecological, economical, and geopolitical realities is urgently needed to develop a sustainable energy economy, which should be designed with adaptability to unpredicted changes in any of these aspects. While only a highly diverse energy portfolio and conservation can ultimately guarantee optimum sustainability, based on a comparison of current primary energy generation methods, it is argued that future energy strategy has to rely heavily on expanded coal and nuclear energy sectors. A comparison of relative potentials, merits and risks associated with fossil-fuel, renewable, and nuclear technologies suggests that the balance of technologies should be shifted in favor of new-generation, safe nuclear methods to produce electricity, while clean-coal plants should be assigned to transportation fuel. Novel nuclear technologies exploit fission of uranium and thorium as primary energy sources with fast-spectrum and transmutation (burner) reactors. A closed fuel cycle and waste transmutation resolve the strategic issues associated with nuclear power. Innovative reactor designs utilize spallation of heavy metals in subcritical accelerator driven systems or molten-salt reactors. Importation and reconstruction of technical expertise already lost and aversion of further erosion are preconditions to any successful energy strategy. Research opportunities to perfect innovative nuclear, coal, and renewable energy technologies should be pursued.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
