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arXiv 0804.1282astro-ph
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有大质量致密伴星的sdB双星

Binary sdB Stars with Massive Compact Companions

S. Geier, C. Karl, H. Edelmann, U. Heber, R. Napiwotzki

摘要:

像白矮星、中子星和黑洞这样的致密天体的质量是天体物理学的基础,但很难测量。我们提出的分析结果的亚发光B(sdB)星的密近双星系统与看不见的紧凑的同伴,以获得他们的质量和澄清他们的性质。径向速度曲线从时间分辨光谱。在定量光谱分析中确定了大气参数。基于高分辨率光谱,我们能够以高精度测量恒星的投影旋转速度。在投影旋转速度的分布中,可以看到与同伴潮汐锁定的迹象。通过探测sdB双星的光变曲线中的椭球变化,我们能够证明轨道周期为0.6 d的亚矮星双星最有可能是同步的。在这种情况下,双星的倾角和伴随质量可以被严格约束。五颗看不见的伴星的质量与正常的白矮星或晚型主序星的质量一致。然而,四个sdB有质量足够大的致密伴星,它们是重白矮星(> 1 Msun)、中子星甚至是黑洞。如此高比例的大质量致密伴星是目前双星演化模型所无法预期的。

英文摘要:

The masses of compact objects like white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes are fundamental to astrophysics, but very difficult to measure. We present the results of an analysis of subluminous B (sdB) stars in close binary systems with unseen compact companions to derive their masses and clarify their nature. Radial velocity curves were obtained from time resolved spectroscopy. The atmospheric parameters were determined in a quantitative spectral analysis. Based on high resolution spectra we were able to measure the projected rotational velocity of the stars with high accuracy. In the distribution of projected rotational velocities signs of tidal locking with the companions are visible. By detecting ellipsoidal variations in the lightcurve of an sdB binary we were able to show that subdwarf binaries with orbital periods up to 0.6 d are most likely synchronized. In this case, the inclination angles and companion masses of the binaries can be tightly constrained. Five invisible companions have masses that are compatible with that of normal white dwarfs or late type main sequence stars. However, four sdBs have compact companions massive enough to be heavy white dwarfs (>1 Msun), neutron stars or even black holes. Such a high fraction of massive compact companions is not expected from current models of binary evolution.

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