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arXiv 0804.0507astro-ph
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极水平支星

Extreme Horizontal Branch Stars

Ulrich Heber

摘要:

综述了热亚亮星的性质、起源和演化联系,这些热亚亮星通常被认为是极端水平分支星或与之密切相关的天体。其中的领域明星的一大部分sdBs被发现居住在密切的双星。伴星主要是白矮星,或低质量主序星。具有足够大质量WD伴星的系统可能有资格成为超新星Ia的祖先。最近发现的证据表明,一些看不见的伴星的质量可能超过钱德拉塞卡质量,因此它们一定是中子星或黑洞。甚至最近还发现了一颗行星绕着脉动的sdB恒星V391 Peg运行。恰恰相反,在球状星团中,只有很少的sdB双星被发现,这表明主导sdB形成过程是不同的,在一个密集的环境。二进制人口合成模型确定三个形成渠道,(i)稳定的洛希瓣溢出,(ii)一个或两个共同的信封喷射阶段和(iii)合并的两个氦白矮星。后一个通道可以解释氦富集的sdO星的性质,因为它们的双星分数比sdBs低十倍或更多。脉动亚亮B(sdB)星在星震学中扮演着重要的角色,因为这种技术已经导致了少数恒星的质量测定。一颗独特的超高速sdO恒星移动得如此之快,以至于它不受银河系的束缚,可能是被银河系中心的超大质量黑洞弹射出来的。(节略)

英文摘要:

A review is presented on the properties, origin and evolutionary links of hot subluminous stars which are generally believed to be extreme Horizontal Branch stars or closely related objects. Amongst the field stars a large fraction of sdBs are found to reside in close binaries. The companions are predominantly white dwarfs, or low mass main sequence stars. Systems with sufficiently massive WD companions may qualify as SN Ia progenitors. Recently evidence has been found that the masses of some unseen companions might exceed the Chandrasekhar mass, hence they must be neutron stars or black holes. Even a planet has recently been detected orbiting the pulsating sdB star V391 Peg. Quite to the opposite, in globular clusters, only very few sdB binaries are found indicating that the dominant sdB formation processes is different in a dense environment. Binary population synthesis models identify three formation channels, (i) stable Roche lobe overflow, (ii) one or two common envelope ejection phases and (iii) the merger of two helium white dwarfs. The latter channel may explain the properties of the He-enriched sdO stars because their binary fraction is lower than that of the sdBs by a factor of ten or more. Pulsating subluminous B (sdB) stars play an important role for asteroseismology as this technique has already led to mass determinations for a handful of stars. A unique hyper-velocity sdO star moving so fast that it is unbound to the Galaxy has probably been ejected by the super-massive black hole in the Galactic centre. (abridged)

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