神经回路发育过程中的最佳轴突和树突分支策略
Optimal axonal and dendritic branching strategies during the development of neural circuitry
摘要：
在发育中的大脑中，轴突和树突能够以高精度相互连接。成像的最新进展允许在体内监测轴突，树突和突触动力学。据观察，大多数的轴突和树突分支形成的“错误”，只是被撤回后。分支机构生产过剩的功能意义尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们使用一个计算模型来研究不同的分支策略的速度和效率。我们表明，分支本身允许通过使用并行搜索在识别适当的目标大幅加速。我们还表明，在现有的突触附近形成新的分支，导致目标连接的形成，减少了错误的分支。这一发现使我们能够解释非洲爪蟾视网膜顶盖系统中观察到的分支点和突触之间的高度相关性。我们还建议，最有效的分支规则是不同的轴突和树突。轴突的最佳策略是在现有突触附近形成新的分支，而树突的最佳规则是优先在具有相关突触前和突触后电活动的突触附近形成新的分支。因此，我们的研究表明，发育中的神经系统采用了一套复杂的计算策略，促进了所需电路的形成，因此它可以以最快和最节俭的方式进行。
英文摘要：
In developing brain, axons and dendrites are capable of connecting to each other with high precision. Recent advances in imaging have allowed for the monitoring of axonal, dendritic, and synapse dynamics in vivo. It is observed that the majority of axonal and dendritic branches are formed 'in error', only to be retracted later. The functional significance of the overproduction of branches is not clear. In this study, we use a computational model to investigate the speed and efficiency of different branching strategies. We show that branching itself allows for substantial acceleration in the identification of appropriate targets through the use of a parallel search. We also show that the formation of new branches in the vicinity of existing synapses leads to the formation of target connectivity with a decreased number of erroneous branches. This finding allows us to explain the high correlation between the branch points and synapses observed in the Xenopus laevis retinotectal system. We also suggest that the most efficient branching rule is different for axons and dendrites. The optimal axonal strategy is to form new branches in the vicinity of existing synapses, whereas the optimal rule for dendrites is to form new branches preferentially in the vicinity of synapses with correlated pre- and postsynaptic electric activity. Thus, our studies suggest that the developing neural system employs a set of sophisticated computational strategies that facilitate the formation of required circuitry, so that it may proceed in the fastest and most frugal way.
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