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arXiv 0804.0266astro-ph
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发现环绕环形星云G79 .29+0.46的温暖致密分子气体

Discovery of warm and dense molecular gas surrounding the ring nebula G79.29+0.46

J. R. Rizzo, F. M. Jimenez-Esteban, E. Ortiz

摘要:

我们提出的第一次检测中J CO线发射在郊区的一个演变的大质量恒星,这表明存在的温暖和/或高密度分子气体。为了研究演化中的大质量恒星与周围环境的相互作用,我们在环形星云G79.29+0.46周围的4 'x4'视场中进行了CO J =2-1,J=3-2和(13)CO J=2-1的谱线观测。在CO和(13)CO J=2-1谱线上,全场都显示出扩展的优势发射,这可能来自包含恒星形成区DR 15的大星云。当这种大尺度的辐射被去除后,小尺度的特征变得明显,特别是在CO J=3-2线上,与环状星云惊人地重合。CO的高临界密度J=3-2(约10^4 cm^(-3))为与大质量恒星的关联提供了额外的支持,因为高密度的分子气体在如此恶劣的环境中有更多的生存机会。这种结构可能是由LBV阶段或更早的强稳定风的累积效应产生的,它压缩了幸存的母体分子云。此外,在这个CO特征中,我们还发现了一个密度更高的团块(至少有几个10^5 cm^(-3)),望远镜无法分辨,可能具有更高的动力学温度。在靠近团块的地方,气体速度出现14-16 km/s的跳跃,这可能表明存在激波阵面。这个团块可能是由10^3 - 10^4年前的至少一次大规模喷发形成的。因此,这项工作表明,并不是所有的分子气体在大质量恒星演化过程中被破坏,因此我们正在处理一个新的实验室,在那里人们可以了解与短暂的LBV阶段相关的质量损失现象。

英文摘要:

We present for the first time the detection of mid-J CO line emission in the outskirts of an evolved massive star, which indicates the presence of warm and/or high density molecular gas. Aiming to learn about the interplay between evolved massive stars and their surroundings, we have carried out CO J=2-1, J=3-2, and (13)CO J=2-1 line observations in a 4'x4' field around the ring nebula G79.29+0.46, which is illuminated by a strong candidate to LBV star. The whole field shows extended predominant emission in both CO and (13)CO J=2-1 lines, which probably comes from the large cloud which contains the star forming region DR15. When this large-scale emission is removed, minor scales features become evident, particularly in the CO J=3-2 line, strikingly coincident with the ring nebula. The high critical density of CO J=3-2 (some 10^4 cm^(-3)) gives additional support for the association with the massive star, since high density molecular gas has more chances to survive in such a harsh environment. This structure may have been produced by the cumulative effect of a strong steady wind in the LBV stage or earlier, which has compressed the surviving parent molecular cloud. In addition, immersed within this CO feature, we have also discovered a higher density clump (at least several 10^5 cm^(-3)), unresolved by the telescope and probably having a higher kinetic temperature. Towards the clump, the presence of a jump of 14-16 km/s in the gas velocity may indicate the existence of a shockfront. This clump may have been created by at least one mass eruption, 10^3 - 10^4 yr ago. Thus, this work shows that not all the molecular gas is destroyed during massive star evolution, and consequently we are dealing with a new laboratory where one can learn about the mass-loss phenomena associated to the brief LBV stage.

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