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arXiv 0803.3523astro-ph
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可能是GJ 1046的近距离褐矮星伴星(M2 .5V)

A probable close brown dwarf companion to GJ 1046 (M2.5V)

M. Kürster, M. Endl, S. Reffert

摘要:

上下文恒星的棕矮星伴星在几个天文单位或更少的距离是罕见的物体,到目前为止还没有发现早期类型的M矮星M0 V-M5 V)。GJ 1046(M2.5V)是一个强有力的候选系统,其分离度为0.42 AU。目标。我们的目标是限制伴星的质量,以确定它是棕矮星还是低质量恒星。方法.我们采用精确的RV测量来确定轨道参数和最小伴星质量。然后,我们推导出一个上限的同伴质量从缺乏干扰的RV测量的二次光谱。随后,通过将由RV得出的轨道参数与最近新版本的依巴谷中层天体测量数据相结合,确定了一个更严格的上限。结果对于伴星的质量,我们从RV数据中推导出m>26.9 MJup。仅根据RV数据,伴星超过恒星质量阈值的概率仅为6.2%。由于没有次级光谱的影响,我们可以将伴星的质量限制在m <229 MJup。RV和依巴谷的数据相结合,产生了一个3sigma的质量上限为112 MJup的伴侣质量与正式的最佳值在m=47.2 MJup。根据RV和天体测量数据的组合,伴星是恒星的概率为2.9%。结论.我们已经发现了一个低质量的近伴星,它是早期M型矮星的伴星。虽然对这个天体最有可能的解释是它是一颗褐矮星,但也不能完全排除它是一颗低质量的恒星伴星。

英文摘要:

Context. Brown dwarf companions to stars at separations of a few AU or less are rare objects, and none have been found so far around early-type M dwarfs M0V-M5V). With GJ 1046 (M2.5V), a strong candidate for such a system with a separation of 0.42 AU is presented. Aims. We aim at constraining the mass of the companion in order to decide whether it is a brown dwarf or a low-mass star. Methods. We employed precision RV measurements to determine the orbital parameters and the minimum companion mass. We then derived an upper limit to the companion mass from the lack of disturbances of the RV measurements by a secondary spectrum. An even tighter upper limit is subsequently established by combining the RV-derived orbital parameters with the recent new version of the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data. Results. For the mass of the companion, we derive m>26.9 MJup from the RV data. Based on the RV data alone, the probability that the companion exceeds the stellar mass threshold is just 6.2%. The absence of effects from the secondary spectrum lets us constrain the companion mass to m <229 MJup. The combination of RV and Hipparcos data yields a 3sigma upper mass limit to the companion mass of 112 MJup with a formal optimum value at m=47.2 MJup. From the combination of RV and astrometric data, the chance probability that the companion is a star is 2.9%. Conclusions. We have found a low-mass, close companion to an early-type M dwarf. While the most likely interpretation of this object is that it is a brown dwarf, a low-mass stellar companion is not fully excluded.

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