Balmer主导激波的空间结构和无碰撞电子加热
Spatial Structure and Collisionless Electron Heating in Balmer-dominated Shocks
摘要：
在超新星遗迹（SNRs）的巴尔默为主的冲击产生强烈的氢线与两个组件的配置文件组成的一个狭窄的贡献，从冷上游氢原子，和广泛的贡献，从氢原子经历了与热质子的电荷转移反应。在信噪比中观测到的边缘激波的发射谱线可以限制激波前沿的气体速度和无碰撞电子加热。下游的氢原子参与电荷转移、激发和电离反应，定义了一个称为激波过渡区的相互作用区域。由电荷转移产生的热氢原子（称为宽中性粒子）的性质对于精确计算激波过渡区的结构和辐射至关重要。本文是第三个在一系列描述的动力学，流体和排放性能的巴尔默为主的冲击，是第一个适当地对待冲击过渡区结构的广泛的中性动力学的影响。我们使用我们的模型来提取冲击参数的观测巴尔默占主导地位的信噪比。我们发现，当v_s<1500 km/s时，我们得到的激波速度和电子温度比以前的计算值低10%以下，而当v_s>1500 km/s时，我们得到的激波速度和电子温度比以前的计算值低10-30%。这种效应主要是由于质子碰撞激发和电荷转移到激发能级有利于中性氢速度分布的高速部分。我们的结果对电子与质子的温度比β=T_e/T_p有很强的依赖性，这使得我们可以建立电子与质子的温度比与激波速度之间的关系β（v_s）。我们将我们的计算结果与Ghavamian等人（2007）的先前结果进行了比较。
英文摘要：
Balmer-dominated shocks in supernova remnants (SNRs) produce strong hydrogen lines with a two-component profile composed of a narrow contribution from cold upstream hydrogen atoms, and a broad contribution from hydrogen atoms that have undergone charge transfer reactions with hot protons. Observations of emission lines from edge-wise shocks in SNRs can constrain the gas velocity and collisionless electron heating at the shock front. Downstream hydrogen atoms engage in charge transfer, excitation and ionization reactions, defining an interaction region called the shock transition zone. The properties of hot hydrogen atoms produced by charge transfers (called broad neutrals) are critical for accurately calculating the structure and radiation from the shock transition zone. This paper is the third in a series describing the kinetic, fluid and emission properties of Balmer-dominated shocks, and is the first to properly treat the effect of broad neutral kinetics on shock transition zone structure. We use our models to extract shock parameters from observations of Balmer-dominated SNRs. We find that inferred shock velocities and electron temperatures are lower than those of previous calculations by <10% for v_s<1500 km/s, and by 10-30% for v_s>1500 km/s. This effect is primarily due to the fact that excitation by proton collisions and charge transfer to excited levels favor the high speed part of the neutral hydrogen velocity distribution. Our results have a strong dependence on the ratio of electron to proton temperatures, β=T_e/T_p, which allows us to construct a relation β(v_s) between the temperature ratio and shock velocity. We compare our calculations to previous results by Ghavamian et al. (2007).
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