arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 0801.0995astro-ph
收藏

宇宙学shock waves

Cosmological shock waves

A. M. Bykov, K. Dolag, F. Durret

摘要:

活动星系核的大尺度结构形成、吸积和合并过程,产生宇宙学气体激波。激波将重力加速流的一部分能量转化为气体的内能。宇宙激波作为气体的主要加热介质,通过多流体等离子体弛豫过程,可以放大磁场,加速高能粒子。我们首先讨论了标准单流体激波的基本性质。宇宙学等离子体冲击被认为是无碰撞的。然后,我们审查负责的微观结构的无碰撞冲击等离子体过程。穿过激波的一小部分粒子被注入非热高能部件,这可以使大部分冲压压力功率在激波处耗散。高能粒子深入激波上游,产生扩展的激波前兆。本文讨论了强无碰撞多流体激波中激波后离子温度和熵随激波速度变化的标度关系。我们表明,多流体的性质,无碰撞冲击的结果在过度的气体压缩,高能粒子加速,前驱气体加热,磁场放大和非热发射。多流体冲击提供了一个减少的气体熵产生,也可以修改星系团的可观察到的热力学标度关系。

英文摘要:

Large-scale structure formation, accretion and merging processes, AGN activity produce cosmological gas shocks. The shocks convert a fraction of the energy of gravitationally accelerated flows to internal energy of the gas. Being the main gas-heating agent, cosmological shocks could amplify magnetic fields and accelerate energetic particles via the multi-fluid plasma relaxation processes. We first discuss the basic properties of standard single-fluid shocks. Cosmological plasma shocks are expected to be collisionless. We then review the plasma processes responsible for the microscopic structure of collisionless shocks. A tiny fraction of the particles crossing the shock is injected into the non-thermal energetic component that could get a substantial part of the ram pressure power dissipated at the shock. The energetic particles penetrate deep into the shock upstream producing an extended shock precursor. Scaling relations for postshock ion temperature and entropy as functions of shock velocity in strong collisionless multi-fluid shocks are discussed. We show that the multi-fluid nature of collisionless shocks results in excessive gas compression, energetic particle acceleration, precursor gas heating, magnetic field amplification and non-thermal emission. Multi-fluid shocks provide a reduced gas entropy production and could also modify the observable thermodynamic scaling relations for clusters of galaxies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑