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arXiv 0803.2323astro-ph
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模拟小型兼并。I.厚圆盘的一般性质

Simulations of minor mergers. I. General properties of thick disks

Álvaro Villalobos, Amina Helmi

摘要:

我们提出了模拟厚盘的形成,通过吸积的两个组件的卫星到一个预先存在的薄盘。我们的目标是建立以这种方式获得的厚盘的详细特征,以及它们对吸积物体的初始轨道和内部性质的依赖性。我们发现,合并与主机的质量的10-20%的质量导致厚盘的形成,其特征是相似的,无论是在形态学和运动学,观察到的。尽管质量比相对较大,但主盘并没有被坠落的卫星完全摧毁:可以识别出一个剩余的运动学上冷而薄的成分,包含约15-25%的质量,它嵌入在一个更热更厚的盘中。例如,这可以解释银河系中存在一个非常古老的薄盘星。盘的最终标度高度取决于合并的初始倾角和性质,但在~4标度高度处的卫星恒星粒子的分数直接测量卫星星系和宿主星系之间的质量比。我们的厚盘通常在非常低的表面亮度水平(比峰值低6个星等)下显示方形等照度线。在运动学上,模拟厚盘的速度椭球与太阳半径处的银河系厚盘的速度椭球相似。σ_Z/σ_R随半径的变化趋势可以很好地判别吸积卫星的初始倾角。在银河系中,厚盘的旋转速度可能存在垂直梯度,以及在太阳附近观测到的sigma_Z/sigma_R值,似乎有利于厚盘通过低或中等轨道倾角的合并形成。

英文摘要:

We present simulations of the formation of thick disks via the accretion of two-component satellites onto a pre-existing thin disk. Our goal is to establish the detailed characteristics of the thick disks obtained in this way, as well as their dependence on the initial orbital and internal properties of the accreted objects. We find that mergers with 10-20% mass of the mass of the host lead to the formation of thick disks whose characteristics are similar, both in morphology as in kinematics, to those observed. Despite the relatively large mass ratios, the host disks are not fully destroyed by the infalling satellites: a remaining kinematically cold and thin component containing ~15-25% of the mass can be identified, which is embedded in a hotter and thicker disk. This may for example, explain the existence of a very old thin disk stars in the Milky Way. The final scale-heights of the disks depend both on the initial inclination and properties of the merger, but the fraction of satellite stellar particles at ~4 scale-heights directly measures the mass ratio between the satellite and host galaxy. Our thick disks typically show boxy isophotes at very low surface brightness levels (>6 magnitudes below their peak value). Kinematically, the velocity ellipsoids of the simulated thick disks are similar to that of the Galactic thick disk at the solar radius. The trend of sigma_Z/sigma_R with radius is found to be a very good discriminant of the initial inclination of the accreted satellite. In the Milky Way, the possible existence of a vertical gradient in the rotational velocity of the thick disk as well as the observed value of sigma_Z/sigma_R at the solar vicinity appear to favour the formation of the thick disk by a merger with either low or intermediate orbital inclination.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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