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arXiv 0803.1768astro-ph
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H2和HD化学和冷却中的不稳定性及其在早期结构形成中的作用

Uncertainties in H2 and HD Chemistry and Cooling and their Role in Early Structure Formation

S. C. O. Glover, T. Abel

摘要:

在低温下,原始气体中的主要冷却剂是分子氢,H2。最近的研究表明,原始气体不是在引力作用下坍缩,而是从最初的电离状态冷却下来,形成氘化氢HD,其量足以将气体冷却到宇宙微波背景的温度。这种额外的冷却可以减少引力碎片的特征质量,并可能导致第III星族恒星特征质量的变化。由于原子和分子数据对宇宙学问题的重要性,我们评估了几个迄今为止被忽视的化学和辐射过程:低温H2冷却速率对正-H2与仲-H2的比率的敏感性,通过与H碰撞激发的H2的低温冷却速率的不确定性,通过与H+和e-碰撞激发的H2的冷却效果,以及负责确定气体中H2分数的几个反应的速率的大的不确定性。我们发现,最重要的被忽视的过程是激发H2的碰撞与质子和电子。这在早期更快地冷却气体,因此在后期形成较少的H2和HD。这一事实,以及这里提出的几个化学不确定性,显着影响气体的热演化。我们预计,这可能会导致明确的差异,在未来详细的三维研究的第一结构形成。最后,我们表明,虽然气体的热演化在原则上是敏感的邻-对位比,在实践中的标准假设的3:1的比例产生的结果,几乎是无法区分的,从那些产生的更详细的治疗。(节略)

英文摘要:

At low temperatures, the main coolant in primordial gas is molecular hydrogen, H2. Recent work has shown that primordial gas that is not collapsing gravitationally but is cooling from an initially ionized state forms hydrogen deuteride, HD, in sufficient amounts to cool the gas to the temperature of the cosmic microwave background. This extra cooling can reduce the characteristic mass for gravitational fragmentation and may cause a shift in the characteristic masses of population III stars. Motivated by the importance of the atomic and molecular data for the cosmological question, we assess several chemical and radiative processes that have hitherto been neglected: the sensitivity of the low temperature H2 cooling rate to the ratio of ortho-H2 to para-H2, the uncertainty in the low temperature cooling rate of H2 excited by collisions with H, the effects of cooling from H2 excited by collisions with H+ and e-, and the large uncertainties in the rates of several of the reactions responsible for determining the H2 fraction in the gas. We show that the most important of the neglected processes is the excitation of H2 by collisions with protons and electrons. This cools the gas more rapidly at early times, and so it forms less H2 and HD at late times. This fact, as well as several of the chemical uncertainties presented here, significantly affects the thermal evolution of the gas. We anticipate that this may lead to clear differences in future detailed 3D studies of first structure formation. Finally, we show that although the thermal evolution of the gas is in principle sensitive to the ortho-para ratio, in practice the standard assumption of a 3:1 ratio produces results that are almost indistinguishable from those produced by a more detailed treatment. (abridged)

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