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arXiv 0802.3918astro-ph
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HD冷却对第一批恒星形成的影响

The Impact of HD Cooling on the Formation of the First Stars

Ian D. McGreer, Greg L. Bryan

摘要:

我们使用数值模拟研究HD的形成和冷却的重要性,在LCDM宇宙学的第一代无金属恒星。我们已经实施和测试非平衡HD化学自适应网格细化模拟代码,并将其应用于两种情况。(1)它首先应用于在没有任何电离源的情况下形成的10^5 - 10^6 Msun晕的形成。我们表明,在与以前的工作,HD冷却是最晕的重要性只有边际,但是,我们发现,对于最低质量的晕,HD冷却可以等于或超过H2的冷却速率。这导致了一群恒星形成于具有有效HD冷却的晕中,与H2冷却主导的晕相比,这些晕的质量要小约6倍。(2)在本文的第二部分中,我们研究了在存在大量自由电子的情况下HD冷却的影响。这导致较低的温度(由于电子催化产生H2)和较低的原恒星质量。添加HD化学品进一步降低温度,达到CMB的水平。我们发现,在10^2 cm^-3到10^6 cm^-3的密度范围内,HD冷却比H2冷却更占主导地位,但在此密度以上,温度升高,H2冷却再次占主导地位。正因为如此,原恒星的吸积率几乎与H2的情况相同(至少对于吸积质量低于50-100 Msun的情况),因此我们认为,HD冷却电离晕可能不会导致人口显着较低的质量恒星。

英文摘要:

We use numerical simulations to investigate the importance of HD formation and cooling on the first generation of metal-free stars in a LCDM cosmology. We have implemented and tested non-equilibrium HD chemistry in an adaptive mesh refinement simulation code and applied it to two situations. (1) It is first applied to the formation of 10^5 - 10^6 Msun halos which form in the absence of any ionizing source. We show, in agreement with previous work, that HD cooling is of only marginal importance for most halos; however, we find that for the lowest mass halos, HD cooling can equal or surpass the H2 cooling rate. This leads to a population of stars formed in halos with effective HD cooling that are less massive by a factor of ~6 compared to halos dominated by H2 cooling. (2) In the second part of the paper, we ionize the halos in order to explore the impact of HD cooling in the presence of an ample population of free electrons. This leads to cooler temperatures (due to the electron- catalyzed production of H2) and somewhat lower resulting proto-stellar mass. Adding HD chemistry lowers the temperature further, to the level of the CMB. We find that HD cooling dominates over H2 cooling in the density range 10^2 cm^-3 to 10^6 cm^-3, but above this density, the temperature rises and H2 cooling dominates again. Because of this, the accretion rate on to the protostar is almost the same as in the H2 case (at least for accreted masses below 50-100 Msun), therefore we argue that HD cooling in ionized halos will probably not result in a population of significantly lower mass stars.

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