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arXiv 0803.1294astro-ph
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q1 Eri:一颗太阳型恒星,有行星和尘埃带

q1 Eri: a solar-type star with a planet and a dust belt

R. Liseau, C. Risacher, A. Brandeker, C. Eiroa, M. Fridlund, R. Nilsson, G. Olofsson, G. Pilbratt, P. Thebault

摘要:

迄今为止,只有极少数的太阳型恒星显示出红外线过剩并拥有行星。事实上,以前在亚毫米波长下只探测到过一个恒星-行星-盘系统。因此,我们的目标之一是了解这些统计数据不佳的原因,即,这些结果是否反映了行星盘的组成和/或物理性质,或者仅仅是由于观测偏差和选择效应。找到更多的例子将非常重要。选定的目标,q1 Eri,是一颗太阳型恒星,已知拥有一颗行星,q1 Eri b,并在IRAS波长下表现出过量的辐射,但在毫米波段仍未被发现。因此,需要亚毫米级的通量密度来更好地约束行星盘的物理特性。因此,我们对q1 Eri进行了亚毫米成像观察。在870微米处检测到的朝向q1 Eri的灰尘表现出显著的事实,即从IR到mm波长的整个SED由单一温度黑体函数(60 K)拟合。这意味着发射区域被限制在一个狭窄的区域(环),径向距离远大于q1 Eri b的轨道距离,并且发射粒子远大于几百微米。然而,870微米的源被扩展,半高宽约为600 AU。因此,一个物理上更令人信服的模型也调用了一个冷尘埃带(17 K),位于距离恒星300 AU,宽约60 AU。1毫米大小的冰环粒子的最小质量为0.04地球月(3 Mmoon),这是相当可观的,因为恒星的年龄约为1 Gyr。这些大颗粒在25天文单位处形成了一个内缘,这可能表明存在一颗看不见的外行星(q1 Eri c)。

英文摘要:

Only very few solar-type stars exhibiting an infrared excess and harbouring planets are known to date. Indeed, merely a single case of a star-planet-disk system has previously been detected at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths. Consequently, one of our aims is to understand the reasons for these poor statistics, i.e., whether these results reflected the composition and/or the physics of the planetary disks or were simply due to observational bias and selection effects. Finding more examples would be very significant. The selected target, q1 Eri, is a solar-type star, which was known to possess a planet, q1 Eri b, and to exhibit excess emission at IRAS wavelengths, but had remained undetected in the millimeter regime. Therefore, submm flux densities would be needed to better constrain the physical characteristics of the planetary disk. Consequently, we performed submm imaging observations of q1 Eri. The detected dust toward q1 Eri at 870 micron exhibits the remarkable fact that the entire SED, from the IR to mm-wavelengths, is fit by a single temperature blackbody function (60 K). This would imply that the emitting regions are confined to a narrow region (ring) at radial distances much larger than the orbital distance of q1 Eri b, and that the emitting particles are considerably larger than some hundred micron. However, the 870 micron source is extended, with a full-width-half-maximum of roughly 600 AU. Therefore, a physically more compelling model also invokes a belt of cold dust (17 K), located at 300 AU from the star and about 60 AU wide. The minimum mass of 0.04 Mearth (3 Mmoon) of 1 mm-size icy ring-particles is considerable, given the stellar age of about 1 Gyr. These big grains form an inner edge at about 25 AU, which may suggest the presence of an unseen outer planet (q1 Eri c).

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