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arXiv 0802.4274gr-qc
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圈量子宇宙学:有效理论与振荡宇宙

Loop Quantum Cosmology: Effective theories and oscillating universes

Martin Bojowald, Reza Tavakol

摘要:

尽管它在解释当前的观测方面取得了巨大的成功,但所谓的宇宙学"标准"模型面临着一些根本的未解决的问题。其中最重要的是那些与宇宙起源及其早期演化的性质有关的问题。关于起源问题,主要的困难是,在经典的广义相对论框架内,"起源"几乎总是一个物理定律失效的单一事件,因此不可能研究这样一个事件或在它之前的时代。最近的研究表明,圈量子宇宙学可以提供一个非奇异的框架,可以解决这些问题。这里的关键作用是由量子效应发挥的,即修正经典的运动方程,这是纳入有效的方程用于开发宇宙学的情况。在这一章中,我们将考虑在这样一个框架内出现的三种主要类型的量子效应,并讨论它们对有效方程的某些影响。特别是,我们讨论了这种校正如何能够允许建设的非奇异的宇宙起源,这是过去永恒的,振荡和自然出现到一个暴胀阶段的紧急情况。这些场景为宇宙的起源和早期阶段提供了一个物理上合理的图景,这在原则上是可以检验的。我们特别注意这些不同类型的校正项之间的相互作用。鉴于到目前为止,还没有在一般环境中完整推导出此类校正,因此重要的是要牢记基于部分纳入此类效应的情景的一致性和稳健性问题。

英文摘要:

Despite its great successes in accounting for the current observations, the so called `standard' model of cosmology faces a number of fundamental unresolved questions. Paramount among these are those relating to the nature of the origin of the universe and its early evolution. Regarding the question of origin, the main difficulty has been the fact that within the classical general relativistic framework, the `origin' is almost always a singular event at which the laws of physics break down, thus making it impossible for such an event, or epochs prior to it, to be studied. Recent studies have shown that Loop Quantum Cosmology may provide a non-singular framework where these questions can be addressed. The crucial role here is played by quantum effects, i.e.\ corrections to the classical equations of motion, which are incorporated in effective equations employed to develop cosmological scenarios. In this chapter we shall consider the three main types of quantum effects expected to be present within such a framework and discuss some of their consequences for the effective equations. In particular we discuss how such corrections can allow the construction of non-singular emergent scenarios for the origin of the universe, which are past-eternal, oscillating and naturally emerge into an inflationary phase. These scenarios provide a physically plausible picture for the origin and early phases of the universe, which is in principle testable. We pay special attention to the interplay between these different types of correction terms. Given the absence, so far, of a complete derivation of such corrections in general settings, it is important to bear in mind the questions of consistency and robustness of scenarios based on partial inclusion of such effects.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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