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arXiv 0802.3913astro-ph
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作为木星家族彗星来源的离散盘

The Scattered Disk as the source of the Jupiter Family comets

Kathryn Volk, Renu Malhotra

摘要:

短周期木星族彗星(JFC)被认为起源于柯伊伯带;特别是,柯伊伯带的一个动力学子类被称为“散射盘”,被认为是JFC的主要来源。然而,观测调查的最佳估计表明,这个来源可能比从柯伊伯带天体动态演变为JFC的理论模型中获得的估计少两个数量级以上。我们重新检查分散的磁盘作为JFC的来源,并作出严格的估计的差异。我们发现,在动力学模型的不确定性相结合的散射盘的大小分布函数的变化在微弱的幅度(小尺寸)超过目前的观测极限提供了一个可能的,但有问题的解决方案的差异。我们讨论了其他几种可能性:目前的人口JFC是一个大的波动,高于其长期平均水平,较大的分散盘对象潮汐分裂成多个片段,在近距离行星相遇,因为它们的轨道演变从跨海王星区附近的木星,或者有替代源人口的贡献显着的JFC。对半人马座天体(在跨海王星柯伊伯带区域和内太阳系之间过渡的天体)进行特征明确的观测研究,可以检验非稳态和潮汐破裂假说的预测。柯伊伯带的经典类和共振类是值得重新考虑的JFC的重要补充或替代来源。

英文摘要:

The short period Jupiter family comets (JFCs) are thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt; specifically, a dynamical subclass of the Kuiper Belt known as the `scattered disk' is argued to be the dominant source of JFCs. However, the best estimates from observational surveys indicate that this source may fall short by more than two orders of magnitude the estimates obtained from theoretical models of the dynamical evolution of Kuiper belt objects into JFCs. We re-examine the scattered disk as a source of the JFCs and make a rigorous estimate of the discrepancy. We find that the uncertainties in the dynamical models combined with a change in the size distribution function of the scattered disk at faint magnitudes (small sizes) beyond the current observational limit offer a possible but problematic resolution to the discrepancy. We discuss several other possibilities: that the present population of JFCs is a large fluctuation above their long term average, that larger scattered disk objects tidally break-up into multiple fragments during close planetary encounters as their orbits evolve from the trans-Neptune zone to near Jupiter, or that there are alternative source populations that contribute significantly to the JFCs. Well-characterized observational investigations of the Centaurs, objects that are transitioning between the trans-Neptune Kuiper belt region and the inner solar system, can test the predictions of the non-steady state and the tidal break-up hypotheses. The classical and resonant classes of the Kuiper belt are worth re-consideration as significant additional or alternate sources of the JFCs.

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