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arXiv 0802.2167cond-mat.soft
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各向同性-非均匀相变附近的热力学和输运异常

Thermodynamic and transport anomalies near isotropic-nematic phase transition

Prasanth P. Jose, Biman Bagchi

摘要:

通过对模型液晶的计算机模拟,计算了由{ \it波数(k)和时间(t)}决定的中间散射函数,对棒状液晶的热力学和输运性质在各向同性液晶相变中的变化进行了理论研究。其目的是了解实验观察到的异常和急剧变化的许多热力学和运输性能,即比热$C$,声衰减系数$Γ$,热扩散率$D_T$和声速$c_s$是作为I-N过渡接近从各向同性侧。计算的中间散射函数$F(k,t)$的小波长极限用于获得比热比$γ$和上述其它性质。我们发现它们在I-N转变附近都表现出非单调变化,其中$Γ$表现出尖点状行为。我们认为,所观察到的异常功能是一个直接的后果,在系统中的伪磁域的存在,在相边界附近的熔化和形成这样的域引起的声音衰减,也观察到的比热异常。对这些异常现象的理论描述应该在分子水平上引起旋光耦合。虽然这里观察到的非均匀动力学承担类似的深过冷液体接近玻璃化转变,这里阐述的热力学异常在很大程度上是缺席的过冷液体。

英文摘要:

A theoretical study of the variation of thermodynamic and transport properties of calamitic liquid crystals across the isotropic-nematic phase transition is carried out by calculating the {\it wavenumber (k) and time (t)} dependent intermediate scattering function of the liquid, via computer simulations of model nematogens. The objective is to understand the experimentally observed anomalies and sharp variation in many thermodynamic and transport properties, namely specific heat $C$, sound attenuation coefficient $Γ$, thermal diffusivity $D_T$ and sound velocity $c_s$ are as the I-N transition is approached from the isotropic side. The small wavelength limit of the calculated intermediate scattering function $F(k,t)$ is used to obtain the ratio of specific heats $γ$ and other properties mentioned above. We find that all of them show non-monotonic variations near the I-N transition, with $Γ$ showing a cusp-like behavior. We suggest that the observed anomalous features are a direct consequence of the existence of pseudo-nematic domains in the system near the phase boundary and the melting and formation of such domains give rise to sound attenuation and also to the observed specific heat anomaly. A theoretical description of these anomalies should invoke translation-rotation coupling at molecular level. While the heterogeneous dynamics observed here bear resemblance to that in deeply supercooled liquids near glass transition, the thermodynamic anomalies articulated here are largely absent in supercooled liquids.

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