Galerkin中碰撞和加速大质量黑洞的动力学
Dynamics of Kicked and Accelerated Massive Black Holes in Galaxies
摘要：
本文研究了盘星系中大质量黑洞的行为，这些黑洞受到合并的冲击性反冲或不对称喷流的持续加速。用GADGET-2模拟程序计算了气体、恒星、暗物质和大质量黑洞的运动。大质量黑洞以大约600 km/s以上的反冲速度或大约4*10^{-8} cm/s^2以上的加速度逃离星系，时间尺度为10 ^8年。对于较小的速度反冲或较小的加速度，黑洞围绕质心振荡，其频率随着反冲速度或加速度的增加而减小。黑洞的位移可能会引起可观察到的非轴对称的形态和动力学的恒星和气体盘的星系。在某些情况下，星系的动力学中心被认为是朝着BH加速度的方向移动，在星系与加速度相反的一侧，速度轮廓有一个特征性的"舌“形延伸。
英文摘要：
A study is made of the behavior of massive black holes in disk galaxies that have received an impulsive kick from a merger or a sustained acceleration from an asymmetric jet. The motion of the gas, stars, dark matter, and massive black hole are calculated using the GADGET-2 simulation code. The massive black hole escapes the galaxy for kick velocities above about 600 km/s or accelerations above about 4*10^{-8} cm/s^2 over time-scales of the order of 10^8 yr. For smaller velocity kicks or smaller accelerations, the black hole oscillates about the center of mass with a frequency which decreases as the kick velocity or acceleration increases. The black hole displacements may give rise to observable nonaxisymmetries in the morphology and dynamics of the stellar and gaseous disk of the galaxy. In some cases the dynamical center of the galaxy is seen to be displaced towards the direction of the BH acceleration with a characteristic ``tongue--'' shaped extension of the velocity contours on the side of the galaxy opposite the acceleration.
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