arXiv 0802.08162008-02-06astro-ph

与X射线双星有关的盘、喷流和星云的光学和红外辐射

Optical and infrared emission from discs, jets and nebulae associated with X-ray binaries

David Russell

备注：: Ph.D. Thesis (awarded November 2007, University of Southampton), 183 pages, 52 figures. A pdf with full-resolution figures is at http://staff.science.uva.nl/~davidr/publications/Russell-PhD-thesis.pdf It will also be available from the British Library Public Catalogue: http://catalogue.bl.uk/

摘要：

X射线双星是一种双星系统，其中一个致密的物体（中子星或黑洞）和一个相对正常的恒星围绕一个共同的质量中心运行。自从20世纪60年代第一批X射线望远镜发现了X射线双星以来，天文学家一直试图了解这些奇怪的物体是如何运动的，以及为什么。由于质量从恒星向致密天体转移的增加，X射线亮度在几天到几个月的时间尺度上会发生10^8个数量级的变化。许多X射线双星在所有可观测的频率上都能被探测到，从无线电到伽马射线。已经发现，在X射线二元谱中存在许多不同的发射源，它们在不同的频率处达到峰值，并且它们一起产生所观察到的宽带谱。然而，解开这些组件已被证明具有挑战性。在这篇论文中的大部分工作涉及解开的组件，占据光学和近红外（NIR）区域的X射线的光谱，可能是该地区的不同组件的相对贡献是最不确定的。特别是一个组成部分，从喷流的物质的同步辐射，在这项工作中发现，无处不在的光学和近红外线的X射线双星相对暗淡的恒星。这些结果证实了喷流是强大的，在一些工作中，对喷流与周围物质相互作用的观察被用来推断它们的力量。

英文摘要：

X-ray binaries are binary star systems in which a compact object (a neutron star or a black hole) and a relatively normal star orbit a common centre of mass. Since the discovery of X-ray binaries with the first X-ray telescopes in the 1960s, astronomers have tried to understand how these bizarre objects behave, and why. Some change in X-ray luminosity by 10^8 orders of magnitude on timescales of days to months due to an increased transfer of mass from the star towards the compact object. Many X-ray binaries are detected at all observable frequencies, from radio to gamma-rays. It has been found that many different sources of emission, which peak at different frequencies, are present in X-ray binary spectra and together they produce the observed broadband spectrum. However, disentangling these components has proved challenging. Much of the work in this thesis concerns disentangling the components that occupy the optical and near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum of X-ray binaries; possibly the region in which the relative contributions of the different components are least certain. In particular one component, the synchrotron emission from jets of outflowing matter, is found in this work to contribute ubiquitously to the optical and NIR light of X-ray binaries with relatively faint stars. These results confirm that the jets are powerful and in some of this work, observations of the jets interacting with the surrounding matter are used to infer their power.

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