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arXiv 0802.0025astro-phgr-qc
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宇宙学黑洞自旋的合并和吸积演化

Cosmological black hole spin evolution by mergers and accretion

Emanuele Berti, Marta Volonteri

摘要:

利用最近黑洞合并的数值相对论模拟结果,我们回顾了以前的宇宙学黑洞自旋演化的研究。我们表明,合并是不太可能产生大的自旋,除非合并孔的自旋与轨道角动量的对齐是非常有效的。我们分析了自旋演化在三个特定的情况下:(1)自旋演化只通过合并,(2)自旋演化通过合并和延长吸积插曲,(3)自旋演化通过合并和短暂的(混沌)吸积插曲。我们研究了不同的诊断方法如何区分这些进化场景,评估引力波测量和X射线光谱的鉴别能力。引力辐射可以产生三种不同类型的自旋测量,分别产生合并前双星螺旋中两个黑洞的自旋,合并残余物的自旋(如在衰荡波中编码的),以及紧凑物体的极端质量比螺旋(EMRI)期间“单个”黑洞的自旋。后者的自旋布居也可以用铁谱线测量。我们计算和比较这些不同的观测相关的自旋分布。如果磁力线测量和EMRI的引力波观测只产生无量纲自旋j=J/M^2>0.9,那么长时间的吸积应该是上旋的原因,而混沌吸积的情况是非常不可能的。如果整个低红移黑洞中只有一小部分快速旋转,那么双星合并过程中的自旋对齐(而不是长时间的吸积)可能是导致自旋上升的原因。

英文摘要:

Using recent results from numerical relativity simulations of black hole mergers, we revisit previous studies of cosmological black hole spin evolution. We show that mergers are very unlikely to yield large spins, unless alignment of the spins of the merging holes with the orbital angular momentum is very efficient. We analyze the spin evolution in three specific scenarios: (1) spin evolves only through mergers, (2) spin evolves through mergers and prolonged accretion episodes, (3) spin evolves through mergers and short-lived (chaotic) accretion episodes. We study how different diagnostics can distinguish between these evolutionary scenarios, assessing the discriminating power of gravitational-wave measurements and X-ray spectroscopy. Gravitational radiation can produce three different types of spin measurements, yielding respectively the spins of the two black holes in a binary inspiral prior to merger, the spin of the merger remnant (as encoded in the ringdown waves), and the spin of ``single'' black holes during the extreme mass-ratio inspiral (EMRI) of compact objects. The latter spin population is also accessible to iron-line measurements. We compute and compare the spin distributions relevant for these different observations. If iron-line measurements and gravitational-wave observations of EMRIs only yield dimensionless spins j=J/M^2>0.9, then prolonged accretion should be responsible for spin-up, and chaotic accretion scenarios would be very unlikely. If only a fraction of the whole population of low-redshift black holes spins rapidly, spin-alignment during binary mergers (rather than prolonged accretion) could be responsible for spin-ups.

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