采用均匀冗余阵列的超快、超亮X射线全息术
Ultrafast, ultrabright, X-ray holography using a uniformly-redundant array
摘要：
自由电子激光的发展为在原子运动的时间尺度上研究电子世界提供了高分辨率成像的现实前景。我们确定X射线傅里叶变换全息术，（FTH）作为一个有前途的，但到目前为止，效率低下的计划做到这一点。我们发现，一个均匀冗余阵列（URA）放置在旁边的样品，乘以效率的X射线FTH超过一千（接近一个完美的镜头），并提供全息图像的振幅和相位对比度的信息。这里报道的实验证明了这一概念，通过成像的纳米制造的对象在同步辐射源，和细菌细胞在软X射线自由电子激光，其中照明由一个单一的15 fs脉冲成功地用于生产全息图像。我们预计即将推出的硬X射线激光器将实现更高的空间分辨率，并获得物质激发态的超快电影。
英文摘要：
Advances in the development of free-electron lasers offer the realistic prospect of high-resolution imaging to study the nanoworld on the time-scale of atomic motions. We identify X-ray Fourier Transform holography, (FTH) as a promising but, so far, inefficient scheme to do this. We show that a uniformly redundant array (URA) placed next to the sample, multiplies the efficiency of X-ray FTH by more than one thousand (approaching that of a perfect lens) and provides holographic images with both amplitude- and phase-contrast information. The experiments reported here demonstrate this concept by imaging a nano-fabricated object at a synchrotron source, and a bacterial cell at a soft X-ray free-electron-laser, where illumination by a single 15 fs pulse was successfully used in producing the holographic image. We expect with upcoming hard X-ray lasers to achieve considerably higher spatial resolution and to obtain ultrafast movies of excited states of matter.
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