自由飞行纳米粒子的飞秒X射线傅里叶全息成像
Femtosecond X-ray Fourier holography imaging of free-flying nanoparticles
摘要：
超快X射线成像提供了关于单个易碎样本（例如气溶胶、亚稳粒子、超流体量子系统和活生物样本）的高分辨率信息，这是常规成像技术无法达到的。然而，相干X射线衍射成像遭受固有的相位损失，并且因此结构恢复通常是复杂的并且不总是精确定义的。在这里，我们介绍的方法，在飞行中的全息，在那里我们使用纳米团簇作为参考X射线散射体，以编码相对相位信息到衍射图案的病毒。由此产生的全息图包含一个病毒和两个纳米团簇的明确的三维图，具有迄今为止通过Single Shot X射线全息术实现的最高横向分辨率。我们的方法解锁的好处全息超快X射线成像的纳米级，非周期性的系统，铺平了道路，直接观察复杂的电子动力学下降到阿秒的时间尺度。
英文摘要：
Ultrafast X-ray imaging provides high resolution information on individual fragile specimens such as aerosols, metastable particles, superfluid quantum systems and live biospecimen, which is inaccessible with conventional imaging techniques. Coherent X-ray diffractive imaging, however, suffers from intrinsic loss of phase, and therefore structure recovery is often complicated and not always uniquely-defined. Here, we introduce the method of in-flight holography, where we use nanoclusters as reference X-ray scatterers in order to encode relative phase information into diffraction patterns of a virus. The resulting hologram contains an unambiguous three-dimensional map of a virus and two nanoclusters with the highest lat- eral resolution so far achieved via single shot X-ray holography. Our approach unlocks the benefits of holography for ultrafast X-ray imaging of nanoscale, non-periodic systems and paves the way to direct observation of complex electron dynamics down to the attosecond time scale.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
