p+Au碰撞中轻带电粒子非平衡发射中聚并和“火球”过程的竞争
Competition of coalescence and "fireball" processes in nonequilibrium emission of light charged particles from p+Au collisions
摘要：
测量了1.2和1.9 GeV质子与Au靶碰撞产生的p、d、t、He、Li、Be和B同位素的双微分截面随能量和角度的变化。在1.2 ~ 2.5 GeV的能量范围内，谱线的形状和角分布几乎没有变化，但所有的抛射体的截面的绝对值都增加了。一个唯象模型的两个发射，移动源再现非常好的光谱和角分布的中间质量的碎片。在核子并合的核内级联微观模型和激发态剩余核粒子蒸发统计模型的框架下，分析了轻带电粒子（LCP）的双微分截面.能量和角度依赖性的数据同意令人满意的微观核内级联计算质子的预测，也与其他LCP的合并计算。从现象学上包含另一种反应机制-从“火球”发射LCP，即，快速和热移动源-结合INC的微观模型计算，粒子的聚结和蒸发导致非常好的数据描述。结果表明，非平衡过程对液晶聚合物的制备是非常重要的。它们排出总截面的40-80%-取决于排放的颗粒。聚结和“火球”排放的截面的贡献相当，但3 He数据聚结明显占主导地位。在1.2 GeV ~ 2.5 GeV的能量范围内，所有轻带电粒子的非平衡过程之和与通过统计平衡阶段的非平衡过程之和的比值几乎不变。
英文摘要：
The energy and angular dependence of double differential cross sections was measured for p,d,t,He,Li,Be, and B isotopes produced in collisions of 1.2 and 1.9 GeV protons with Au target. The shape of the spectra and angular distributions almost does not change in the beam energy range from 1.2 to 2.5 GeV, however, the absolute value of the cross sections increases for all ejectiles. A phenomenological model of two emitting, moving sources reproduces very well spectra and angular distributions of intermediate mass fragments. Double differential cross sections for light charged particles (LCP) were analyzed in the frame of the microscopic model of intranuclear cascade (INC) with coalescence of nucleons and statistical model for evaporation of particles from excited residual nuclei. Energy and angular dependencies of data agree satisfactorily neither with predictions of microscopic intranuclear cascade calculations for protons, nor with coalescence calculations for other LCP. Phenomenological inclusion of another reaction mechanism - emission of LCP from a "fireball", i.e., fast and hot moving source - combined with the microscopic model calculations of INC, coalescence and evaporation of particles leads to very good description of the data. It was found that nonequilibrium processes are very important for production of LCP. They exhaust 40-80% of the total cross sections - depending on the emitted particles. Coalescence and "fireball" emission give comparable contributions to the cross sections with exception of 3He data where coalescence clearly dominates. The ratio of sum of all nonequilibrium processes to those proceeding through stage of statistical equilibrium does almost not change in the beam energy range from 1.2 GeV to 2.5 GeV for all light charged particles.
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