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arXiv 0801.2974astro-ph
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磁化黑洞吸积盘的辐射边缘在哪里?

Where is the Radiation Edge in Magnetized Black Hole Accretion discs?

Kris Beckwith, John Hawley, Julian Krolik

摘要:

对黑洞吸积的广义相对论(GR)磁流体动力学(MHD)模拟发现,在最内层稳定圆形轨道(ISCO)附近和内部存在显著的磁应力,这表明这种流的辐射方式可能与标准模型的预测明显不同,标准模型假设该区域没有应力。我们提供的估计如何现象学有趣的参数,如“辐射边缘”,光盘的最内环,大量的热辐射逃逸到无穷远,可能会改变应力附近的ISCO。这些估计是基于大量的三维GRMHD模拟结合GR射线追踪的数据。对于缓慢旋转的黑洞($a/M<0.9$),辐射边缘位于标准模型预测的范围内,特别是当系统以高倾角观察时。对于旋转更快的黑洞,对比度更小。在固定的总光度下,吸积流的特征温度比标准模型预测的增加了$1.2-2.4$倍,而在固定的质量吸积率下,吸积光度也相应地增加,增加幅度从百分之几十到一阶。当所有这些考虑结合在一起时,我们发现,对于固定的黑洞质量、光度和倾角,由于耗散轮廓的不确定性,我们对到达遥远观测者的辐射的特征温度的不确定性(大约是3倍)是{ \it更大}的不确定性,由于完全缺乏知识的黑洞的自旋(约为2倍),而且基于无应力内边界条件的尾旋估算值为$a/M$提供了一个上限。

英文摘要:

General Relativistic (GR) Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of black hole accretion find significant magnetic stresses near and inside the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), suggesting that such flows could radiate in a manner noticeably different from the prediction of the standard model, which assumes that there are no stresses in that region. We provide estimates of how phenomenologically interesting parameters like the ``radiation edge", the innermost ring of the disc from which substantial thermal radiation escapes to infinity, may be altered by stresses near the ISCO. These estimates are based on data from a large number of three-dimensional GRMHD simulations combined with GR ray-tracing. For slowly spinning black holes ($a/M<0.9$), the radiation edge lies well inside where the standard model predicts, particularly when the system is viewed at high inclination. For more rapidly spinning black holes, the contrast is smaller. At fixed total luminosity, the characteristic temperature of the accretion flow increases between a factor of $1.2-2.4$ over that predicted by the standard model, whilst at fixed mass accretion rate, there is a corresponding enhancement of the accretion luminosity which may be anywhere from tens of percent to order unity. When all these considerations are combined, we find that, for fixed black hole mass, luminosity, and inclination angle, our uncertainty in the characteristic temperature of the radiation reaching distant observers due to uncertainty in dissipation profile (around a factor of 3) is {\it greater} than the uncertainty due to a complete lack of knowledge of the black hole's spin (around a factor of 2) and furthermore that spin estimates based on the stress-free inner boundary condition provide an upper limit to $a/M$.

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