L. Vaidman
The interaction-free measurements proposed by Elitzur and Vaidman (EV IFM) is a quantum mechanical method to find an object that interacts with other systems solely via its explosion without exploding it. In this method, an object can be found without ``touching it'', i.e. without any particle being at its vicinity.
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In the early 1990's A. Elitzur and L. Vaidman proposed an interaction free measurement (IFM) that allows researchers to find infinitely fragile objects without destroying them. But Elitzur-Vaidman IFM has been used only to determine the position of opaque objects. In this paper, we propose an extension of such a technique that allows measurement of classical electric and magnetic fields. Our main goal is to offer a framework for future investigations about the role of the measurement processes, expanding the physical properties that are measurable by means of IFM.
Elitzur and Vaidman have proposed a measurement scheme that, based on the quantum superposition principle, allows one to detect the presence of an object --- in a dramatic scenario, a bomb --- without interacting with it. It was pointed out by Ghirardi that this interaction-free measurement scheme can be put in direct relation with falsification tests of the macro-realistic worldview. Here we have implemented the "bomb test" with a single atom trapped in a spin-dependent optical lattice to show explicitly a violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality --- a quantitative criterion fulfilled by macr…
We consider an implementation of the Elitzur-Vaidman bomb experiment in a DC-biased electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a leakage port on one of its arms playing the role of a "lousy bom". Many-body correlations tend to screen out manifestations of interaction-free measurement. Analyzing the correlations between the current at the interformeter's drains and at the leakage port, we identify the limit where the originally proposed single-particle effect is recovered. Specifically, we find that in the regime of sufficiently diluted injected electron beam and short measurement times, effec…
Inspired by the Elitzur-Vaidman bomb testing problem [arXiv:hep-th/9305002], we introduce a new query complexity model, which we call bomb query complexity $B(f)$. We investigate its relationship with the usual quantum query complexity $Q(f)$, and show that $B(f)=Θ(Q(f)^2)$. This result gives a new method to upper bound the quantum query complexity: we give a method of finding bomb query algorithms from classical algorithms, which then provide nonconstructive upper bounds on $Q(f)=Θ(\sqrt{B(f)})$. We subsequently were able to give explicit quantum algorithms matching our upper bound method. We…
We propose a simple experimental procedure based on the Elitzur-Vaidman scheme to test the persistence of macroscopic superpositions. We conjecture that its implementation will reveal the persistence of superpositions of macroscopic objects in the absence of a direct act of observation.
Interaction-free measurements introduced by Elitzur and Vaidman [Found. Phys. 23, 987 (1993)] allow finding infinitely fragile objects without destroying them. Paradoxical features of these and related measurements are discussed. The resolution of the paradoxes in the framework of the Many-Worlds Interpretation is proposed.
We substitute the fully absorbing obstacle in the Elitzur-Vaidman experiment by a semitransparent object and show that the probabilities of detection can be manipulated in dependence of the transparency of such an object. Then, we connect our results with the delayed choice experiment proposed by Wheeler. It is found that the transparency of the obstacle determines either a particle-like or a wave-like behaviour of a test photon.
The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics is applied to the "interaction-free" measurement scenario of Elitzur and Vaidman and to the Quantum Zeno Effect version of the measurement scenario by Kwiat, et al. It is shown that the non-classical information provided by the measurement scheme is supplied by the probing of the intervening object by incomplete offer and confirmation waves that do not form complete transactions or lead to real interactions.
In 1993 Elitzur and Vaidman introduced the concept of interaction-free measurements which allowed finding objects without ``touching'' them. In the proposed method, since the objects were not touched even by photons, thus, the interaction-free measurements can be called as ``seeing in the dark''. Since then several experiments have been successfully performed and various modifications were suggested. Recently, however, the validity of the term ``interaction-free'' has been questioned. The criticism of the name is briefly reviewed and the meaning of the interaction-free measurements is clarifie…
Interaction-free measurements introduced by Elitzur and Vaidman [Found. Phys. 23, 987 (1993)] allow finding infinitely fragile objects without destroying them. Many experiments have been successfully performed showing that indeed, the original scheme and its modifications lead to reduction of the disturbance of the observed systems. However, there is a controversy about the validity of the term ``interaction-free'' for these experiments. Broad variety of such experiments are reviewed and the meaning of the interaction-free measurements is clarified.
Recently highly-efficient quantum engines were devised by exploiting the stochastic energy changes induced by quantum measurement. Here we show that such an engine can be based on an interaction-free measurement, in which the meter seemingly does not interact with the measured object. We use a modified version of the Elitzur-Vaidman bomb tester, an interferometric setup able to detect the presence of a bomb triggered by a single photon without exploding it. In our case, a quantum bomb subject to a gravitational force is initially in a superposition of being inside and outside one of the interf…
In this work, we investigate the question, which objects one can discriminate perfectly by 'interaction-free' measurements. To this end, we interpret the Elitzur-Vaidman bomb-tester experiment as a quantum channel discrimination problem and generalize the notion of 'interaction-free' measurement to arbitrary quantum channels. Our main result is a necessary and sufficient criterion for when it is possible or impossible to discriminate quantum channels in an 'interaction-free' manner (i.e., such that the discrimination error probability and the 'interaction' probability can be made arbitrarily s…
Counterfactual Quantum Sensing: What Interaction-Free Measurement Can and Cannot Buy
探讨无相互作用测量在量子传感中的作用，以信道估计问题分析埃利策尔 - 维德曼干涉仪，发现其在测透明度上无优势，优势在辨别，还研究了寄生损耗等影响，表明单个光子多次遇物体时可获取的量子费希尔信息受限，恢复相关界限。
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