“红死”早期型空洞星系从何而来？
Where do "red and dead" early-type void galaxies come from?
摘要：
宇宙的空洞区域为研究宇宙学和星系形成提供了一个特殊的环境，这可能会暴露我们对这些现象的理解中的弱点。虽然空洞中的星系被观察到主要是富含气体，恒星形成和蓝色，但也可以发现明亮的红色空洞星系的子群，其恒星形成很久以前就停止了。在宇宙中密度更大的区域，恒星的形成过程是否也在虚空中起作用？我们比较了2dF星系红移巡天中空星系的光度函数和千禧年模拟中建立的星系形成模型中的光度函数。我们表明，一个全球性的恒星形成抑制机制的形式低光度的“无线电模式”AGN加热是足够的复制所观察到的人口的空洞早期类型。射电模加热与环境无关，而不是依赖于暗物质晕质量，在那里，超过一个临界质量阈值约为M_vir~10^12.5 M_sun，气体冷却到星系被抑制，恒星形成随后消失。在千禧年模拟中，空晕质量函数相对于密度更高的环境发生了变化，但在这个临界阈值之上仍然保持着高质量的尾部。在这样的空晕中，射电模加热仍然有效，并发现了红色星系;这些星系共同匹配观测到的空间密度，而无需对模型进行任何修改。因此，生活在截然不同的大尺度环境中，但由类似质量的晕托管的星系被预测具有类似的特性，与观测结果一致。
英文摘要：
Void regions of the Universe offer a special environment for studying cosmology and galaxy formation, which may expose weaknesses in our understanding of these phenomena. Although galaxies in voids are observed to be predominately gas rich, star forming and blue, a sub-population of bright red void galaxies can also be found, whose star formation was shut down long ago. Are the same processes that quench star formation in denser regions of the Universe also at work in voids? We compare the luminosity function of void galaxies in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey, to those from a galaxy formation model built on the Millennium Simulation. We show that a global star formation suppression mechanism in the form of low luminosity "radio mode" AGN heating is sufficient to reproduce the observed population of void early-types. Radio mode heating is environment independent other than its dependence on dark matter halo mass, where, above a critical mass threshold of approximately M_vir~10^12.5 M_sun, gas cooling onto the galaxy is suppressed and star formation subsequently fades. In the Millennium Simulation, the void halo mass function is shifted with respect to denser environments, but still maintains a high mass tail above this critical threshold. In such void halos, radio mode heating remains efficient and red galaxies are found; collectively these galaxies match the observed space density without any modification to the model. Consequently, galaxies living in vastly different large-scale environments but hosted by halos of similar mass are predicted to have similar properties, consistent with observations.
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