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arXiv 0801.2258astro-ph
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卫星重力场对引力透镜通量比的影响

The Effect of Satellite Galaxies on Gravitational Lensing Flux Ratios

E. M. Shin, N. W. Evans

摘要:

具有异常通量比的引力透镜经常被引用作为暗物质卫星的可能证据,这些卫星是通过模拟冷暗物质宇宙演化中的分层合并来预测的。我们发现,异常流量比的四边形的分数主要取决于卫星的总质量和空间范围,以及它们分布的特征长度尺度R。如果R为100 kpc,那么对于一个视线速度色散为250 km/s的中等椭圆星系,在高度集中(普卢默模型)的卫星中,需要3 x 10^9太阳质量的质量才能使20%的四胞胎显示出异常的通量比,而对于50%的四胞胎,则需要1.25 x 10^10太阳质量。如果卫星具有更多扩展的赫恩奎斯特轮廓,则需要数倍于这些质量。与典型的椭圆星系相比,由典型的边缘盘星系形成的四边形星系的通量比明显不容易受到子结构的影响-需要三倍于卫星星系的质量才能影响50%的系统。在许多具有异常通量比的透镜系统中,存在可见卫星的证据(例如,B2045+265或MG 0414 +0534)。我们表明,光学识别的子结构不应该是优势透镜系统异常。有两个可能的解决这个困难。首先,在某些情况下,可见的子结构可能被投射到爱因斯坦半径内或接近爱因斯坦半径,并被错误地归因为罪魁祸首,而暗物质子结构导致了通量异常。第二,明亮的卫星,其中重子冷却和冷凝发生,可能有更高的中心密度比黑暗的卫星,使他们更有效地造成通量异常。

英文摘要:

Gravitational lenses with anomalous flux ratios are often cited as possible evidence for dark matter satellites predicted by simulations of hierarchical merging in cold dark matter cosmogonies. We show that the fraction of quads with anomalous flux ratios depends primarily on the total mass and spatial extent of the satellites, and the characteristic lengthscale R of their distribution. If R is 100 kpc, then for a moderately elliptical galaxy with a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of 250 km/s, a mass of 3 x 10^9 solar masses in highly-concentrated (Plummer model) satellites is needed for 20% of quadruplets to show anomalous flux ratios, rising to 1.25 x 10^10 solar masses for 50%. Several times these masses are required if the satellites have more extended Hernquist profiles. Compared to a typical elliptical, the flux ratios of quads formed by typical edge-on disc galaxies with maximum discs are significantly less susceptible to changes through substructure -- three times the mass in satellite galaxies is needed to affect 50% of the systems. In many of the lens systems with anomalous flux ratios, there is evidence for visible satellites (e.g., B2045+265 or MG0414+0534). We show that optically identified substructure should not be preponderant among lens systems with anomalies. There are two possible resolutions of this difficulty. First, in some cases, visible substructure may be projected within or close to the Einstein radius and wrongly ascribed as the culprit, whereas dark matter substructure is causing the flux anomaly. Second, bright satellites, in which baryon cooling and condensation has taken place, may have higher central densities than dark satellites, rendering them more efficient at causing flux anomalies.

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