Within the two-dimensional repulsive t-t'-Hubbard model, an attractive coupling in the d-wave pairing channel is induced by antiferromagnetic fluctuations. We investigate this coupling using functional renormalization group equations. The momentum dependent d-wave coupling can be bosonized by the use of scale dependent field transformations. We propose an effective coarse grained model for the Hubbard model which is based on the exchange of antiferromagnetic and d-wave collective bosons.
We present the real-space block renormalization group equations for fermion systems described by a Hubbard Hamiltonian on a triangular lattice with hexagonal blocks. The conditions that keep the equations from proliferation of the couplings are derived. Computational results are presented including the occurrence of a first-order metal-insulator transition at the critical value of $U/t \approx 12.5$.
We investigate the nature of the interaction-driven Mott-Hubbard transition of the half-filled $t_1{-}t_2$ Hubbard model in one dimension, using a full-fledged variational Monte Carlo approach including a distance-dependent Jastrow factor and backflow correlations. We present data for the evolution of the magnetic properties across the Mott-Hubbard transition and on the commensurate to incommensurate transition in the insulating state. Analyzing renormalized excitation spectra, we find that the Fermi surface renormalizes to perfect nesting right at the Mott-Hubbard transition in the insulating…
The temperature dependence of d-wave superconducting order for two dimensional fermions with d-wave attraction is investigated by means of the functional renormalization group with partial bosonization. Below the critical temperature T_c we find superconductivity, a gap in the electron propagator and a temperature dependent anomalous dimension. At T_c the renormalized "superfluid density" jumps and the approach to T_c from above is characterized by essential scaling. These features are characteristic for a phase transition of the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) type.
We investigate the metal-insulator transition of the (1+1)-dimensional Hubbard model in the path-integral formalism with the tensor renormalization group method. The critical chemical potential $μ_{\rm c}$ and the critical exponent $ν$ are determined from the $μ$ dependence of the electron density in the thermodynamic limit. Our results for $μ_{\rm c}$ and $ν$ show consistency with an exact solution based on the Bethe ansatz. Our encouraging results indicate the applicability of the tensor renormalization group method to the analysis of higher-dimensional Hubbard models.
Physical nature of dimensional crossovers in weakly coupled Hubbard chains and ladders has been discussed within the framework of the perturbative renormalization-group approach. The difference between these two cases originates from different universality classes which the corresponding isolated systems belong to.
We study the spectral function of the 2D Hubbard model using cluster perturbation theory, and the density matrix renormalization group as a cluster solver. We reconstruct the two-dimensional dispersion at, and away from half-filling using 2xL ladders, with L up to 80 sites, yielding results with unprecedented resolution in excellent agreement with quantum Monte Carlo. The main features of the spectrum can be described with a mean-field dispersion, while kinks and pseudogap traced back to scattering between spin and charge degrees of freedom.
The phase diagram of the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model at half-filling is investigated by a weak coupling renormalization group method applicable beyond the usual continuum limit for the electron spectrum and coupling constants. We analyze the influence of irrelevant momentum dependent interactions on asymptotic properties of the correlation functions and the nature of dominant phases for the lattice model under study.
We review recent developments in functional renormalization group (RG) methods for interacting fermions. These approaches aim at obtaining an unbiased picture of competing Fermi liquid instabilities in the low-dimensional models like the two-dimensional Hubbard model. We discuss how these instabilities can be approached from various sides and how the fermionic RG flow can be continued into phases with broken symmetry.
We derive an efficient method for treating renormalization contributions at two-loop level within the functional renormalization group in the one-particle irreducible formalism for fermions. It is based on a decomposition of the two-particle vertex in charge, magnetic and pairing channels. The method treats single-particle and collective excitations in all channels on equal footing, allows for the description of symmetry-breaking and captures collective mode fluctuation physics in the infrared. As a first application, we study the superfluid ground state of the two-dimensional attractive Hubba…
The phases with spontaneously broken symmetries corresponding to antiferromagnetic and d-wave superconducting order in the two-dimensional t-t'-Hubbard model are investigated by means of the functional renormalization group. The introduction of composite boson fields in the magnetic, charge density and superconducting channels allows an efficient parameterization of the four-fermion vertex and the study of regimes where either the antiferromagnetic or superconducting order parameter, or both, are nonzero. We compute the phase diagram and the temperature dependence of the order parameter below …
Density matrix renormalization group methods are used to investigate the quantum phase diagram of a one-dimensional half-filled ionic Hubbard model with bond-charge attraction, which can be mapped from the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger-type electron-phonon coupling at the antiadiabatic limit. A bond order wave (dimerized) phase which separates the band insulator from the Mott insulator always exists as long as electron-phonon coupling is present. This is qualitatively different from that at the adiabatic limit. Our results indicate that electron-electron interaction, ionic potential and quantum phonon …
We present a numerical approach to study the coherent transport of Cooper pairs through a Hubbard chain, and study the role of the contacts in achieving perfect Andreev reflection. We calculate the pair transport using the Density Matrix Renormalization Group by measuring the response of the system to quantum pair fields with complex phases on the two ends of an open system. This approach gives an effective superfluid weight which is in close agreement with the Bethe Ansatz results for the superfluid weight for closed Hubbard rings.
We study the impact of the fermionic self-energy on one-loop functional renormalization group flows of the two-dimensional $t$-$t'$ Hubbard model, with emphasis on electronic densities away from van Hove filling. In the presence of antiferromagnetic hot spots, antiferromagnetic fluctuations lead to a flattening of the Fermi surface, shift magnetic phase boundaries and significantly enhance critical scales. We trace back this effect to the presence of a magnetic first order transition. For some parameters, the first order character of the latter is reduced by self-energy effects. For reliably d…
We study the ground state quantum phase transition by means of entanglement in the one-dimensional asymmetric Hubbard model with open boundary condition. The local entanglement between the middle two sites and the rest of the system, and the block entanglement between the left and right portions of the system, are calculated using the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. We find that the entanglement shows interesting scaling and singular behavior around the phase transition line.
The COntractor REnormalization group method was devised in 1994 by Morningstar and Weinstein. It was primarily aimed at extracting the physics of lattice quantum field theories (like lattice Quantum Chromodynamics). However, it is a general method of analyzing Hamiltonian lattice systems, e.g. Ising, Heisenberg or Hubbard models. The aim of this work is to show the application of CORE to one-dimensional quantum systems -- the Heisenberg zig-zag model and the Hubbard chain. As a test of the method, the ground state energy of these systems will be calculated.
Using the recently introduced multiloop extension of the functional renormalization group, we compute the frequency- and momentum-dependent self-energy of the two-dimensional Hubbard model at half filling and weak coupling. We show that, in the truncated-unity approach for the vertex, it is essential to adopt the Schwinger-Dyson form of the self-energy flow equation in order to capture the pseudogap opening. We provide an analytic understanding of the key role played by the flow scheme in correctly accounting for the impact of the antiferromagnetic fluctuations. For the resulting pseudogap, we…
We investigate low-energy excitations of the one-dimensional half-filled SU(4) Hubbard model with an attractive on-site interaction U < 0 using the density matrix renormalization group method as well as a perturbation theory. We find that the ground state is a charge density wave state with a long range order. The ground state is completely incompressible since all the excitations are gapful. The charge gap which is the same as the four-particle excitation gap is a non-monotonic function of U, while the spin gap and others increase with increasing |U| and have linear asymptotic behaviors.
The one-dimensional Hubbard model with different on-site interactions is investigated by renormalization group technique. In the case of a 1/4-filled band the dynamical nonequivalence of sites leads to the appearance of Umklapp processes in the system and to the dynamical generation of a gap in the charge excitation spectrum for $U_{a}\not=U_{b}$, $U_{a}>0$ or $U_{b}>0$. The ground-state phase diagram is obtained in the limit of second order renormalization. Depending on the sign and relative values of the bare coupling constants, there is a gap in the spin or charge excitation spectrum and th…
We have studied the Hubbard model with bond-charge interaction on a triangular lattice for a half-filled band. At the point of particle-hole symmetry the model could be analyzed in detail in two opposite regimes of the parameter space. Using a real space renormalization group we calculate the ground state energy and the local moment over the whole parameter space. The RG results obey the exact results in the respective limits. In the intermediate region of the parameter space the RG results clearly show the effects of the non-bipartite geometry of the lattice as well as the absence of symmetry…
We derive two-loop renormalization-group equations for the half-filled one-dimensional Hubbard chains coupled by the interchain hopping. Our renormalization-group scheme for the quasi-one-dimensional electron system is a natural extension of that for the purely one-dimensional systems in the sense that transverse-momentum dependences are introduced in the g-ological coupling constants and we regard the transverse momentum as a patch index. We develop symmetry arguments for the particle-hole symmetric half-filled Hubbard model and obtain constraints on the g-ological coupling constants by which…
Using both the density-matrix renormalization group method and the constrained-path quantum Monte Carlo method, we have studied the ground-state energies and the spin and hole densities of a $12 \times 3$ Hubbard model with open boundary conditions and 6 holes doped away from half-filling. Results obtained with these two methods agree well in the small and intermediate $U$ regimes. For $U/t \geq 6$ we find a ground-state with stripes.
The canonical transformation diagonalizing the one-particle tight binding Hamiltonian for an alternating chain with two non-equivalent sites per unit cell has been used to introduce the Hubbard-like interactions (on-site, inter-site, bond-site and intra-bond) in the corresponding two-band model. The considerations have been restricted to the particular case, suggested by the undistorted 3/4-filled $CuO_{3}$ chain, where the alternating structure comes only from non-equal on-site atomic energies and the gap between the two bands is sufficiently large. The renormalization group method has been t…
We introduce a new numerical method for the solution of self-consistent equations in the cluster mean-field theory. The method uses the density matrix renormalization group method to solve the associated cluster problem. We obtain an accurate critical value of the supersolid-superfluid transitions in the hard-core bosonic Hubbard model on a triangular lattice, which is comparable with the recent quantum Monte Carlo results. This algorithm is applicable to more general classes of models with a larger number of degrees of freedom.
We study the phase diagram of the half-filled one-dimensional extended Hubbard model at weak coupling using a novel functional renormalization group (FRG) approach. The FRG method includes in a systematic manner the effects of the scattering processes involving electrons away from the Fermi points. Our results confirm the existence of a finite region of bond charge density wave (BCDW), also known as a ``bond order wave'' (BOW), near $U = 2V$ and clarify why earlier g-ology calculations have not found this phase. We argue that this is an example in which formally irrelevant corrections change t…
In order to shed light whether the `even-odd conjecture' (even numbers of legs will superconduct accompanied by a spin gap while odd ones do not) for correlated electrons in ladder systems, the pairing correlation is studied for the Hubbard model on a two- and three-leg ladders. We have employed both the weak-coupling renormalization group and the quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method for strong interactions. For the two-leg Hubbard ladder, a systematic QMC (with a controlled level spacings) has detected an enhanced pairing correlation, which is consistent with the weak-coupling prediction. We also…
We employ the functional renormalization group to investigate the phase diagram of the $t-t'$ Hubbard model on the square lattice with finite chemical potential $μ$ at zero temperature. A unified scheme to derive flow equations in the symmetric and symmetry broken regimes allows a consistent continuation of the renormalization flow in the symmetry broken regimes. At the transition from the symmetric regime to the symmetry broken regimes, our calculation reveals leading instabilities in the d-wave superconducting and antiferromagnetic channels. Furthermore, we find a first order transition betw…
I apply a two-step density-matrix renormalization group method to the anisotropic two-dimensional Hubbard model. As a prelude to this study, I compare the numerical results to the exact one for the tight-binding model. I find a ground-state energy which agrees with the exact value up to four digits for systems as large as $24 \times 25$. I then apply the method to the interacting case. I find that for strong Hubbard interaction, the ground-state is dominated by magnetic correlations. These correlations are robust even in the presence of strong frustration. Interchain pair tunneling is negligib…
We have performed extensive density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) studies of the Hubbard model on a honeycomb ladder. The band structure (with Hubbard U=0) exhibits an unusual quadratic band touching at half filling, which is associated with a quantum Lifshitz transition from a band insulator to a metal. %SAK as a function of a third-neighbor hopping parameter. For one electron per site, non-zero $U$ drives the system into an insulating state in which there is no pair-binding between added electrons; this implies that superconductivity driven directly by the repulsive electron-electron i…
We investigate the doping-driven metal-insulator transition of the (2+1)-dimensional Hubbard model in the path-integral formalism with the tensor renormalization group method. We calculate the electron density $\langle n\rangle$ as a function of the chemical potential $μ$ choosing three values of the Coulomb potential with $U=80$, $8$, and $2$ as representative cases of the strong, intermediate, and weak couplings. We have determined the critical chemical potential at each $U$, where the Hubbard model undergoes the metal-insulator transition from the half-filling plateau with $\langle n\rangle…
Functional renormalization group without functional integrals: implementing Hilbert space projections for strongly correlated electrons via Hubbard X-operators
We present electron and phonon spectral functions calculated from determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the half-filled two-dimensional Hubbard-Holstein model on a square lattice. By tuning the relative electron-electron ($e$-$e$) and electron-phonon ($e$-$ph$) interaction strengths, we show the electron spectral function evolving between antiferromagnetic insulating, metallic, and charge density wave insulating phases. The phonon spectra concurrently gain a strong momentum dependence and soften in energy upon approaching the charge density wave phase. In particular, we study how the …
We consider the application of the two-loop functional renormalization-group (fRG) approach to study the low-dimensional Hubbard model. This approach accounts for both, the universal and non-universal contributions to the RG flow. While the universal contributions were studied previously within the field-theoretical RG for the one-dimensional Hubbard model with linearized electronic dispersion and the two-dimensional Hubbard model with flat Fermi surface, the non-universal contributions appear to be important for the flow of the vertices and susceptibilities at large momenta scales. The two-lo…
We show that information on the probability density of local fluctuations can be obtained from a numerical renormalisation group calculation of a reduced density matrix. We apply this approach to the Anderson-Holstein impurity model to calculate the ground state probability density $ρ(x)$ for the displacement $x$ of the local oscillator. From this density we can deduce an effective local potential for the oscillator and compare its form with that obtained from a semiclassical approximation as a function of the coupling strength. The method is extended to infinite dimensional Holstein-Hubbard m…
We present a quantum-number projection technique which enables us to exactly treat spin, momentum and other symmetries embedded in the Hubbard model. By combining this projection technique, we extend the path-integral renormalization group method to improve the efficiency of numerical computations. By taking numerical calculations for the standard Hubbard model and the Hubbard model with next nearest neighbor transfer, we show that the present extended method can extremely enhance numerical accuracy and that it can handle excited states, in addition to the ground state.
Understanding the robustness of topological phases of matter in the presence of interactions poses a difficult challenge in modern condensed matter, showing interesting connections to high energy physics. In this work, we leverage these connections to present a complete analysis of the continuum long-wavelength description of a generic class of correlated topological insulators: Wilson-Hubbard topological matter. We show that a Wilsonian renormalization group (RG) approach, combined with the so-called topological Hamiltonian, provide a quantitative route to understand interaction-induced topol…
Motivated by the nematic electronic fluid phase in Sr_{3}Ru_{2}O_{7}, we develop a combined scheme of the renormalization-group method and the random-phase-approximation-type method, and analyze orbital susceptibilities of the (d_{xz},d_{yz})-orbital Hubbard model with high accuracy. It is confirmed that the present model exhibits a ferro-orbital instability near the magnetic or superconducting quantum criticality, due to the Aslamazov-Larkin-type vertex corrections. This mechanism of orbital nematic order presents a natural explanation for the nematic order in Sr_{3}Ru_{2}O_{7}, and is expect…
In a new functional integral approach proposed for the model, we find the regime with a deformed integration measure in which the standard integral is replaced with the Jackson integral. We indicate the relation to a p-adic functional integral. For the magnetic and electronic subsystems in the effective functional that results from the operator formulation of the Hubbard model, we find the two-parametric quantum derivative resulting in the appearance of the quantum SU_{rq}(2) group. We establish the relation to the one-parametric quantum derivative and the standard derivative.
We analyze the interplay of antiferromagnetism and pairing in the two dimensional Hubbard model with a moderate repulsive interaction. Coupled charge, magnetic and pairing fluctuations above the energy scale of spontaneous symmetry breaking are treated by a functional renormalization group flow, while the formation of gaps and order below that scale is treated in mean-field theory. The full frequency dependences of interaction vertices and gap functions is taken into account. We compute the magnetic and pairing gap functions as a function of doping $p$ and compare with results from a static ap…
We study the impact of including the self-energy feedback and frequency-dependent interactions on functional renormalization group grows for the two-dimensional Hubbard model on the square lattice at weak to moderate coupling strength. Previous studies using the functional renormalization group had ignored these two ingredients to large extent, and the question is how much the flows to strong coupling analyzed by this method depend on these approximations. Here we include the imaginary part of the self-energy on the imaginary axis and the frequency-dependence of the running interactions on a f…
We study the fully gapped chiral Mott insulator (CMI) of frustrated Bose-Hubbard models on ladders and two-dimensional lattices by perturbative strong-coupling analysis and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG). First we show the existence of a low-lying exciton state on all geometries carrying the correct quantum numbers responsible for the condensation of excitons and formation of the CMI in the intermediate interaction regime. Then we perform systematic DMRG simulations on several two-leg ladder systems with $π$-flux and carefully characterize the two quantum phase transitions. We dis…
Unconventional symmetry breaking without spin order,such as the rotational symmetry breaking (=nematic or smectic) orders as well as the spontaneous loop-current orders, have been recently reported in cuprate superconductors and their related materials.They are theoretically represented by non-$A_{1g}$ symmetry breaking in self-energy, which we call the form factor $f_{k,q}$.In this paper, we analyze typical Hubbard models by applying the renormalization-group (RG) method, and find that various unconventional ordering emerges due to the quantum interference among spin fluctuations. Due to this…
Using the Density Matrix Renormalization Group technique we study the effect of spin-orbit coupling on a three-orbital Hubbard model in the $(t_{2g})^{4}$ sector and in one dimension. Fixing the Hund coupling to a robust value compatible with some multiorbital materials, we present the phase diagram varying the Hubbard $U$ and spin-orbit coupling $λ$, at zero temperature. Our results are shown to be qualitatively similar to those recently reported using the Dynamical Mean Field Theory in higher dimensions, providing a robust basis to approximate many-body techniques. Among many results, we obs…
We numerically investigate the critical behavior of the Hubbard model on the honeycomb and the $π$-flux lattice, which exhibits a direct transition from a Dirac semimetal to an antiferromagnetically ordered Mott insulator. We use projective auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo simulations and a careful finite-size scaling analysis that exploits approximately improved renormalization-group-invariant observables. This approach, which is successfully verified for the three-dimensional XY transition of the Kane-Mele-Hubbard model, allows us to extract estimates for the critical couplings and the cr…
Spontaneous current orders due to odd-parity order parameters attract increasing attention in various strongly correlated metals. Here, we discover a novel spin-fluctuation-driven charge loop current (cLC) mechanism based on the functional renormalization group (fRG) theory. The present mechanism leads to the ferro-cLC order in a simple frustrated chain Hubbard model. The cLC appears between the antiferromagnetic and $d$-wave superconducting ($d$SC) phases. While the microscopic origin of the cLC has a close similarity to that of the $d$SC, the cLC transition temperature $T_{\rm cLC}$ can be h…
We analyze the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model with a single static impurity by using a computational technique based on the functional renormalization group. This extends previous work for spinless fermions to spin-1/2 fermions. The underlying approximations are devised for weak interactions and arbitrary impurity strengths, and have been checked by comparing with density-matrix renormalization-group data. We present results for the density of states, the density profile and the linear conductance. Two-particle backscattering leads to striking effects, which are not captured if the bul…
Ca1-xSrxVO3 is a Mott-Hubbard-type correlated electron system whose bandwidth can be varied by the V-O-V bond angle, but the actual effect of bandwidth control on the electronic structure has been controversial in previous photoemission experiments. In this work, band dispersions and Fermi surfaces of SrVO3 and CaVO3 are studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Near the Fermi level (EF), three bands forming cylindricalFermi surfaces derived from the three V 3d t2g orbitals have been observed. The observed band widths for both compounds are almost half of those predicted by local-d…
The performance of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is strongly influenced by the choice of the local basis of the underlying physical lattice. We demonstrate that, for the two-dimensional Hubbard model, the hybrid real-momentum space formulation of the DMRG is computationally more efficient than the standard real-space formulation. In particular, we show that the computational cost for fixed bond dimension of the hybrid-space DMRG is approximately independent of the width of the lattice, in contrast to the real-space DMRG, for which it is proportional to the width squared. We a…
We consider a system of interacting fermions on a chain in a periodic potential incommensurate with the chain spacing. We derive a convergent perturbative expansion, afflicted by a small denominator problem and based on renormalization group, for the two point Schwinger function. We obtain the large distance behavior of the Schwinger function, which is anomalous and described by critical indices, related to the gap and the wave function renormalization.
We study electron correlations in the half-filled Hubbard model on two-dimensional Penrose lattice. Applying the real-space dynamical mean-field theory to large clusters, we discuss how low-temperature properties are affected by the quasiperiodic structure. By calculating the double occupancy and renormalization factor at each site, we clarify the existence of the Mott transition. The spatially-dependent renormalization characteristic of geometrical structure is also addressed.
Two-dimensional density-matrix renormalization group method is employed to examine the ground state phase diagram of the Hubbard model on the triangular lattice at half filling. The calculation reveals two discontinuities in the double occupancy with increasing the repulsive Hubbard interaction U at Uc1 = 7.55 t and Uc2 = 9.65 t (t being the hopping integral), indicating that there are three phases separated by first order transitions. The absence of any singularity in physical quantities for 0 < U < Uc1 implies that this phase corresponds to a metallic phase. The local spin density induced by…
We employ the weak-coupling renormalization group approach to study unconventional superconducting phases emerging in the extended, repulsive Hubbard model on paradigmatic two-dimensional lattices. Repulsive interactions usually lead to higher-angular momentum Cooper pairing. By considering not only longer-ranged hoppings, but also non-local electron-electron interactions, we are able to find superconducting solutions for all irreducible representations on the square and hexagonal lattices, including extended regions of chiral topological superconductivity. For the square, triangular and honey…
We study the renormalization of the electron-spin-fluctuation (el-sp) vertex in a two-dimensional Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor (t) and next-nearest-neighbor (t') hopping by a Quantum-Monte-Carlo calculation. Our results show that for t'=0, the renormalized el-sp vertex decreases quite generally with decreasing temperature at all spin-fluctuation momentum transfers. The suppression of the el-sp vertex results in a substantial reduction of the effective pairing interaction mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations in both the intermediate- and strong-correlation regimes. The inclusi…
Using a functional renormalization group method, we obtain the phase diagram of the two-leg ladder system within the Holstein-Hubbard model, which includes both electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions. Our renormalization group technique allows us to analyze the problem for both weak and strong electron-phonon coupling. We show that, in contrast results from conventional weak coupling studies, electron-phonon interactions can dominate electron-electron interactions because of retardation effects.
A simple yet paradigmatic model for the interplay of strong electronic correlations and geometric frustration is the triangular lattice Hubbard model. Recently it was proposed that moiré structures of transition metal dichalcogenides can be used to simulate extended versions that include non-local density-density interactions. We study competing instabilities of interacting electrons in such an extended Hubbard model on the triangular lattice near a filling where the density of states has a Van Hove singularity. We employ a truncated-unity functional renormalization group approach to investiga…
Motivated by experimental studies that have found signatures of a quantum spin liquid phase in organic crystals whose structure is well described by the two-dimensional triangular lattice, we study the Hubbard model on this lattice at half filling using the infinite-system density matrix renormalization group (iDMRG) method. On infinite cylinders with finite circumference, we identify an intermediate phase between observed metallic behavior at low interaction strength and Mott insulating spin-ordered behavior at strong interactions. Chiral ordering from spontaneous breaking of time-reversal sy…
