X射线在锥形波导中的传输：模拟与优化
X-Ray Propagation in Tapered Waveguides: Simulation and Optimization
摘要：
本文利用抛物型波动方程对X射线在锥形波导中的传播进行了数值模拟和优化。这项研究的目的是阐明如何在X射线光学纳米结构中最好地实现光束集中。这种优化的波导可以例如用于研究单个生物分子。在这里，我们比较锥形的几何形状，这可以通过线性和三阶（Bezier型）函数参数化，可以使用标准的电子束光刻单元制造。这些几何形状可以分别在二维和四维参数空间中描述。在这两种几何结构中，我们观察到优化问题的“增益平衡”的坚固结构。因此，X射线纳米结构的优化通常将是高度非平凡的优化问题。
英文摘要：
We use the parabolic wave equation to study the propagation of x-rays in tapered waveguides by numercial simulation and optimization. The goal of the study is to elucidate how beam concentration can be best achieved in x-ray optical nanostructures. Such optimized waveguides can e.g. be used to investigate single biomolecules. Here, we compare tapering geometries, which can be parametrized by linear and third-order (Bezier-type) functions and can be fabricated using standard e-beam litography units. These geometries can be described in two and four-dimensional parameter spaces, respectively. In both geometries, we observe a rugged structure of the optimization problem's ``gain landscape''. Thus, the optimization of x-ray nanostructures in general will be a highly nontrivial optimization problem.
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