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arXiv 0712.2622astro-ph
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确定伽马射线暴宿主星系的尘埃消光:一种基于光学和X射线测光的直接方法

Determining the Dust Extinction of Gamma-ray Burst Host Galaxies: A Direct Method Based on Optical and X-ray Photometry

Yuan Li, Aigen Li, Daming Wei

摘要:

伽马射线暴(GRB)宿主星系的尘埃消光,包含了GRB祖先的性质的重要线索,对去红化至关重要,仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们提出了一个简单的方法来确定GRB宿主星系的消光比较观察到的光谱的内在的X射线光谱外推。该方法的基本原理是从标准火球模型出发:如果光通量衰减指数等于X射线通量衰减指数,则光学和X射线带之间不存在突变频率,因此我们可以从X射线谱中推导出内禀光通量。我们将该方法应用于三个光学和X射线通量具有相同衰变指数的伽玛暴和一个具有推断的冷却突变频率的伽玛暴,得到了它们的宿主星系的静止坐标系消光曲线。得到的消光曲线是灰色的,不像任何本地星系的消光曲线(例如牛奶路,小/大麦云云,或附近的星暴星系)。消光量相当大(视觉消光$A_V$ $\sim$ 1.6--3.4 $\magni$)。我们的模型推导消光曲线的硅酸盐-石墨星际颗粒模型。正如所预期的那样,从“灰色”的性质派生的消光曲线,灰尘的大小分布是倾斜的大颗粒。我们确定,第一次,使用模型导出的尘埃参数和氢柱密度从X射线散射确定的伽玛暴宿主星系的本地尘埃气体比。

英文摘要:

The dust extinction of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) host galaxies, containing important clues to the nature of GRB progenitors and crucial for dereddening, is still poorly known. Here we propose a straightforward method to determine the extinction of GRB host galaxies by comparing the observed optical spectra to the intrinsic ones extrapolated from the X-ray spectra. The rationale for this method is from the standard fireball model: if the optical flux decay index equals to that of the X-ray flux, then there is no break frequency between the optical and X-ray bands, therefore we can derive the intrinsic optical flux from the X-ray spectra. We apply this method to three GRBs of which the optical and X-ray fluxes have the same decay indices and another one with inferred cooling break frequency, and obtain the rest-frame extinction curves of their host galaxies. The derived extinction curves are gray and do not resemble any extinction curves of local galaxies (e.g. the Milk Way, the Small/Large Magellanic Clouds, or nearby starburst galaxies). The amount of extinction is rather large (with visual extinction $A_V$ $\sim$ 1.6--3.4$\magni$). We model the derived extinction curves in terms of the silicate-graphite interstellar grain model. As expected from the ``gray'' nature of the derived extinction curve, the dust size distribution is skewed to large grains. We determine, for the first time, the local dust-to-gas ratios of GRB host galaxies using the model-derived dust parameters and the hydrogen column densities determined from X-ray absorptions.

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