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arXiv 0711.4630hep-thastro-phgr-qc
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宇宙的无边界测度

The No-Boundary Measure of the Universe

James B. Hartle, S. W. Hawking, Thomas Hertog

摘要:

考虑具有宇宙学常数和二次势的标量场的均匀各向同性封闭宇宙的无边界方案。在半经典极限下,如果初始标量场大于某个最小值,则它预言了后期的经典行为。如果经典的晚时程向后延伸,它们可能是奇异的或在有限半径处反弹。无边界的建议提供了一个经典的解决方案,选择通货膨胀的历史,但严重偏向于少量的通货膨胀的概率措施。这与观察结果不符。然而,我们认为均匀宇宙的概率应该乘以exp(3N),其中N是慢卷暴胀的e折叠数,以获得我们在过去光锥中观察到的概率。这种数量权重类似于永恒通货膨胀中的数量权重。在景观势中,它会预言宇宙将有大量的暴胀,并且它将在接近势鞍点的近似德西特态开始。这样,宇宙就一直处于半经典状态。

英文摘要:

We consider the no-boundary proposal for homogeneous isotropic closed universes with a cosmological constant and a scalar field with a quadratic potential. In the semi-classical limit, it predicts classical behavior at late times if the initial scalar field is more than a certain minimum. If the classical late time histories are extended back, they may be singular or bounce at a finite radius. The no-boundary proposal provides a probability measure on the classical solutions which selects inflationary histories but is heavily biased towards small amounts of inflation. This would not be compatible with observations. However we argue that the probability for a homogeneous universe should be multiplied by exp(3N) where N is the number of e-foldings of slow roll inflation to obtain the probability for what we observe in our past light cone. This volume weighting is similar to that in eternal inflation. In a landscape potential, it would predict that the universe would have a large amount of inflation and that it would start in an approximately de Sitter state near a saddle-point of the potential. The universe would then have always been in the semi-classical regime.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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