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arXiv 0711.1835cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.soft
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非平衡热浴的性质

Properties of a non-equilibrium heat bath

Aditi Simha, R. M. L. Evans, A. Baule

摘要:

在平衡时,较大热浴内的流体元件从浴接收随机脉冲。这些在系统(流体元件)中引起随机转变的脉冲遵循细致平衡的原理,因为浴也处于平衡。在连续剪切作用下,流体单元处于非平衡稳态。由于剪切作用下周围的流体浴也处于非平衡稳态,因此系统接收具有非平衡分布的随机脉冲。这些冲动不再尊重细致平衡,但仍然受到规则的约束。这些规则适用于驱动稳态的一个广泛的子类,是最近导出的[R。M. L. Evans,Phys. Rev. Lett. { \bf 92},150601(2004); J. Phys. A:Math. Gen. { \bf 38},293(2005)]使用信息理论论证。在本文中,我们提供了一个更基本的推导,基于无争议的,非贝叶斯概率解释为简单的可数数量的比率。我们将结果应用于一些简单的相互作用粒子模型,以研究由非平衡噪声源(如剪切下的流体)介导的力的性质。

英文摘要:

At equilibrium, a fluid element, within a larger heat bath, receives random impulses from the bath. Those impulses, which induce stochastic transitions in the system (the fluid element), respect the principle of detailed balance, because the bath is also at equilibrium. Under continuous shear, the fluid element adopts a non-equilibrium steady state. Because the surrounding bath of fluid under shear is also in a non-equilibrium steady state, the system receives stochastic impulses with a non-equilibrium distribution. Those impulses no longer respect detailed balance, but are nevertheless constrained by rules. The rules in question, which are applicable to a wide sub-class of driven steady states, were recently derived [R. M. L. Evans, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92}, 150601 (2004); J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. {\bf 38}, 293 (2005)] using information-theoretic arguments. In the present paper, we provide a more fundamental derivation, based on the uncontroversial, non-Bayesian interpretation of probabilities as simple ratios of countable quantities. We apply the results to some simple models of interacting particles, to investigate the nature of forces that are mediated by a non-equilibrium noise-source such as a fluid under shear.

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