在非低温斯皮策太空望远镜任务期间对太阳系外行星的观测
Observations of Extrasolar Planets During the non-Cryogenic Spitzer Space Telescope Mission
摘要：
斯皮策望远镜的精确红外测光使得人们能够通过观测凌日系统中的二次日食来首次直接研究太阳系外行星的光。目前斯皮策的结果包括太阳系外行星的第一个纵向温度图，以及它们大气的第一个光谱。斯皮策还测量了第一颗海王星大小的系外行星的温度和精确半径，并开始进行精确的过境时间测量，以推断存在看不见的低质量行星。在红外线上没有恒星边缘变暗的现象，有助于精确测量凌日行星的半径和凌日时间。温暖的斯皮策将能够精确测量地球大小的行星的半径，从而限制它们的整体组成。它将继续测量二次日食时的热发射，以寻找凌日热彗星，并能够区分具有宽带发射光谱和吸收光谱的行星。它还将能够测量近距离行星，甚至是非凌日行星的热辐射的轨道相位变化，这些测量将对偏心轨道上的行星特别感兴趣。温暖的斯皮策将是开普勒的一个重要补充，特别是在开普勒领域的过境时间。除了研究近距离行星外，温暖的斯皮策还将在敏感的成像搜索中有重要的应用，以寻找与母星相距相对较大的年轻行星。
英文摘要：
Precision infrared photometry from Spitzer has enabled the first direct studies of light from extrasolar planets, via observations at secondary eclipse in transiting systems. Current Spitzer results include the first longitudinal temperature map of an extrasolar planet, and the first spectra of their atmospheres. Spitzer has also measured a temperature and precise radius for the first transiting Neptune-sized exoplanet, and is beginning to make precise transit timing measurements to infer the existence of unseen low mass planets. The lack of stellar limb darkening in the infrared facilitates precise radius and transit timing measurements of transiting planets. Warm Spitzer will be capable of a precise radius measurement for Earth-sized planets transiting nearby M-dwarfs, thereby constraining their bulk composition. It will continue to measure thermal emission at secondary eclipse for transiting hot Jupiters, and be able to distinguish between planets having broad band emission versus absorption spectra. It will also be able to measure the orbital phase variation of thermal emission for close-in planets, even non-transiting planets, and these measurements will be of special interest for planets in eccentric orbits. Warm Spitzer will be a significant complement to Kepler, particularly as regards transit timing in the Kepler field. In addition to studying close-in planets, Warm Spitzer will have significant application in sensitive imaging searches for young planets at relatively large angular separations from their parent stars.
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