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arXiv 0705.1189astro-ph
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太阳系外行星上的热夜:热彗星的中红外相位变化

Hot Nights on Extrasolar Planets: Mid-IR Phase Variations of Hot Jupiters

N. B. Cowan, E. Agol, D. Charbonneau

摘要:

本文介绍了斯皮策空间望远镜对三个短周期太阳系外行星系统HD 209458、HD 179949和51 Peg的中红外位相变化的观测结果。我们在每个行星轨道的八个阶段收集了多个波段的IRAC图像。我们发现,相对测光的不确定性,从一个时代到下一个显着大于光子计数误差在3.6微米和4.5微米。我们能够在这些波长的相位变化上仅放置2%的2-sigma上限。在8微米处,历元到历元的系统不确定性与光子计数噪声相当,我们检测到HD 179949的相位函数,该相位函数与行星的轨道同相,相对峰谷振幅为0.00141(33)。假设HD 179949 b的半径为R_J < R_p < 1.2R_J,则在1-sigma水平下,它必须将小于21%的入射恒星能量再循环到其夜面(其中50%表示完全再循环)。如果这颗行星有一个小的邦德轨道,它的质量必须小于2.4 M_J(1-sigma)。我们没有检测到其他两个系统的相位变化,但我们设置了以下2-sigma上限:51 Peg为0.0007,HD 209458为0.0015。由于它的边缘上的配置,HD 209458的上限翻译,与适当的假设债券债券,到一个下限的再循环发生在行星的大气。HD 209458 b必须将至少32%的入射恒星能量再循环到其夜面,在1-sigma水平,这与其他限制从8微米的二次日食深度和低光学反射深度再循环的限制一致。这些数据表明,不同的热木星行星可能会经历不同的再循环效率。

英文摘要:

We present results from Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the mid-infrared phase variations of three short-period extrasolar planetary systems: HD 209458, HD 179949 and 51 Peg. We gathered IRAC images in multiple wavebands at eight phases of each planet's orbit. We find the uncertainty in relative photometry from one epoch to the next to be significantly larger than the photon counting error at 3.6 micron and 4.5 micron. We are able to place 2-sigma upper limits of only 2% on the phase variations at these wavelengths. At 8 micron the epoch-to-epoch systematic uncertainty is comparable to the photon counting noise and we detect a phase function for HD 179949 which is in phase with the planet's orbit and with a relative peak-to-trough amplitude of 0.00141(33). Assuming that HD 179949b has a radius R_J < R_p < 1.2R_J, it must recirculate less than 21% of incident stellar energy to its night side at the 1-sigma level (where 50% signifies full recirculation). If the planet has a small Bond albedo, it must have a mass less than 2.4 M_J (1-sigma). We do not detect phase variations for the other two systems but we do place the following 2-sigma upper limits: 0.0007 for 51 Peg, and 0.0015 for HD 209458. Due to its edge-on configuration, the upper limit for HD 209458 translates, with appropriate assumptions about Bond albedo, into a lower limit on the recirculation occuring in the planet's atmosphere. HD 209458b must recirculate at least 32% of incident stellar energy to its night side, at the 1-sigma level, which is consistent with other constraints on recirculation from the depth of secondary eclipse depth at 8 micron and the low optical albedo. These data indicate that different Hot Jupiter planets may experience different recirculation efficiencies.

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